A red throat, often experienced as a sore throat, can be a symptom of COVID-19. This symptom has been recognized since the pandemic’s early stages, with its prevalence varying among viral strains. While a sore throat can indicate a COVID-19 infection, it is also common in many other conditions. Understanding its characteristics and other potential causes helps determine appropriate next steps.
Red Throat and COVID-19
A sore throat is a recognized symptom of COVID-19, present in a notable percentage of patients. One European study of individuals hospitalized with mild to moderate COVID-19 found over half, 52.9%, experienced a sore throat. Other research indicates prevalence ranging from 5% to 17.4%. More recent variants, particularly Omicron, show an even higher incidence, with one study reporting it in 66% of Omicron cases.
The sensation of a COVID-19 sore throat varies from mild to moderate discomfort, often worsening with swallowing or speaking. It is frequently described as a dry or scratchy feeling, and the throat may appear visibly red. Some newer variants are associated with a more intense “razor blade-like” pain. A sore throat can emerge as an early sign of infection and may intensify over the initial days.
Other Reasons for a Sore Throat
A sore throat is a general symptom stemming from many conditions beyond COVID-19. Viral infections are the most frequent cause, including the common cold, influenza, and mononucleosis, often presenting with additional symptoms like a runny nose, cough, or hoarseness. Bacterial infections, notably strep throat caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria, are another common cause. Strep throat typically manifests with a sudden, severe sore throat, fever, and swollen neck glands, sometimes with white patches on tonsils or small red spots on the roof of the mouth, usually without a cough.
Beyond infections, allergies can trigger a sore throat, often from post-nasal drip. Environmental irritants like dry air, air pollution, or tobacco smoke can also cause discomfort. Excessive voice use, such as prolonged yelling, strains throat muscles and leads to soreness. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus and throat, can result in a persistent sore throat, sometimes with heartburn, hoarseness, or a lump sensation.
Steps to Take for a Sore Throat
If you experience a sore throat, especially with COVID-19 concerns, get tested immediately. If your initial antigen test is negative but symptoms persist, retesting after 48 hours is recommended. For those exposed to COVID-19 without symptoms, waiting at least five full days post-exposure before testing provides more accurate results.
Seek medical attention if your sore throat is severe, or if you have difficulty swallowing or breathing. A high fever (100.4°F/38°C or higher) or a persistent fever warrants medical consultation. Professional medical advice should also be sought if:
Symptoms worsen or do not improve within a few days.
You notice white patches or pus on your tonsils.
There is blood in your saliva.
You develop a rash.
You have significantly swollen neck glands.
For self-care, rest, stay well-hydrated, and gargle with warm salt water. Lozenges, hard candies, or over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen may provide relief. Using a humidifier can add moisture to the air, easing discomfort.