Arthritis, a broad term for joint inflammation, causes painful swelling, stiffness, and tenderness, primarily affecting the joints, which can interfere with daily activities. Compression therapy involves applying controlled, external pressure to the affected area. This non-pharmacological strategy is widely accessible for managing persistent arthritis symptoms and offers a way to support the joint.
How Compression Addresses Arthritis Symptoms
The primary function of a compression garment is to apply consistent pressure that influences fluid dynamics within the joint and surrounding tissues. This external force helps mechanically push excess synovial fluid and inflammatory mediators out of the joint space. By encouraging the movement of this accumulated fluid, compression reduces edema, or swelling, which contributes to joint pain and restricted movement.
The constant pressure on a joint also enhances proprioception, the body’s internal sense of its position and movement in space. This heightened sensory feedback provides a more stable awareness of the joint’s location. Improved proprioception allows a person to use the joint with greater confidence and control, minimizing the risk of movements that could exacerbate discomfort.
Many compression garments retain body heat, delivering localized warmth to the affected area. This gentle increase in temperature helps relax the muscles and connective tissues surrounding the joint, easing stiffness, especially that experienced in the morning. Enhanced circulation is another benefit, as the pressure encourages better blood flow, delivering oxygen and nutrients while assisting with the removal of metabolic waste products.
Selecting and Using Compression Garments
Choosing the right compression garment requires considering the affected joint, the desired pressure level, and the material composition. Garments are designed for various body parts, such as gloves for hands and fingers, and sleeves or socks for larger areas like the knees, elbows, ankles, and feet. These specialized forms ensure the pressure is concentrated where it is most needed for localized support.
The effectiveness of the therapy relies heavily on achieving the proper fit. The garment must be snug enough to apply therapeutic pressure but never so tight that it feels restrictive or causes discomfort. Compression is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), and mild to moderate levels are recommended for managing general arthritis symptoms.
Many individuals find relief with garments offering a pressure range of 15 to 20 mmHg for daily activities, though mild compression (8 to 15 mmHg) is also common. A healthcare provider may recommend higher compression (20 to 30 mmHg) for severe swelling, but this is less common for routine use. Material choice is important, with options including nylon and Lycra blends for stretch, cotton for breathability, and neoprene for heat retention. Selecting a breathable, moisture-wicking fabric is important for all-day wear, as it helps prevent skin irritation.
Guidelines for Safe and Effective Wear
To maximize benefits, it is recommended to wear garments during the day or when physically active. The pressure is most beneficial when a person is upright and moving, helping to counteract the effects of gravity on fluid accumulation. It is advised to remove compression garments before going to sleep, as the body’s horizontal position assists with fluid return.
The duration of wear should be monitored carefully, and wearing a garment for 24 hours straight is discouraged to prevent skin irritation and over-compression. Pay close attention to signs that a garment may be too tight, which include numbness, tingling, or a visible change in skin color, such as blanching or a bluish tint. If any of these signs appear, the garment should be removed immediately to restore normal circulation.
Individuals with pre-existing medical conditions should consult a doctor before beginning compression therapy. Those with circulation problems, such as peripheral artery disease, or nerve damage, like peripheral neuropathy, may find that external pressure could be detrimental. Compression should also be avoided over areas with open wounds, active skin infections, or significant skin ulcers, as the pressure could interfere with the healing process.