Colorado is home to a thriving moose population, making these large mammals a notable part of the state’s diverse wildlife. While moose were historically present, their current robust numbers are largely a result of dedicated reintroduction efforts. These animals, specifically the Shiras moose subspecies, have successfully established themselves across various mountainous habitats, offering unique viewing opportunities for residents and visitors.
Where Colorado’s Moose Roam
Colorado’s mountainous terrain provides suitable habitat for the Shiras moose (Alces alces shirasi). These animals thrive in forested areas, particularly near lakes and marshes, often preferring willow bogs, subalpine forests, and riparian zones. Their diet primarily consists of twigs, leaves, and aquatic vegetation, making areas with abundant brush and water sources ideal for their sustenance.
Moose populations are found across many parts of the state, especially in the northern and western regions. Key areas where moose are commonly observed include North Park, Middle Park, the Laramie River Valley, and the Grand Mesa. Other significant habitats extend to the Flat Tops, and portions of the San Juan Mountains and the Front Range. The state’s moose population is estimated to be over 3,000 animals, and it is considered one of the fastest-growing populations in the lower 48 states.
The Return of Moose to Colorado
Moose were historically present in Colorado, with records from the 1850s indicating transient individuals. However, a stable breeding population was not established naturally within Colorado’s borders prior to human intervention. Early 20th-century wildlife tallies often showed moose as rare or absent.
Reintroduction efforts by Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW) began in the late 1970s. In 1978, 24 Shiras moose were transplanted from Utah and Wyoming to Colorado’s North Park region, near Walden. This initial release aimed to establish a breeding population, capitalizing on abundant habitat and a lack of natural predators.
The success of these initial reintroductions led to further transplantation efforts between 1987 and 2010, moving moose to other areas such as the Laramie River Valley, the Upper Rio Grande River Valley, the Grand Mesa National Forest, and the White River National Forest. By 2012, these programs had established a breeding population of approximately 2,300 moose statewide. The state legislature designated Walden as the “Moose Viewing Capital of Colorado” in 1995, recognizing the success of these conservation efforts.
Safe Encounters with Moose
Moose are large and powerful animals, weighing between 800 and 1,200 pounds and standing up to six feet tall at the shoulder. They can be unpredictable and aggressive if they feel threatened, especially cows with calves or during the autumn rutting season. It is important to maintain a safe distance, at least 75 feet, to avoid provoking them.
Observing a moose’s behavior can indicate its mood. Signs of agitation include laid-back ears, raised hair on the neck or hump, licking of the snout, lip smacking, and stomping feet. If a moose displays these warning signs, slowly back away and increase the distance. Never approach or attempt to feed a moose, as this can lead to aggressive responses.
If a moose charges, it is advised to run and seek immediate cover behind a large, solid object such as a tree, boulder, or vehicle. Unlike encounters with bears, running from a charging moose is often a viable strategy, as they typically do not chase far. If knocked down, curl into a ball, protect your head, and remain still until the moose moves away.
Moose often perceive dogs as predators and can become aggressive towards them. Keep dogs leashed when in moose habitat to prevent them from provoking an encounter. Many incidents involving moose and humans are initiated by dogs, leading to serious injuries for both pets and their owners.