Citalopram, known as Celexa, is a widely prescribed antidepressant (SSRI) that works by affecting serotonin levels to alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Many individuals taking antidepressants express concerns about potential side effects, with changes in body weight being a frequent worry. Understanding citalopram’s effect on weight is important.
Citalopram and Weight Changes
Citalopram can influence body weight, though effects vary: some individuals gain, some lose, and some experience no change. Weight changes are generally modest, often within a few pounds. While short-term studies may show minimal changes or initial weight loss, long-term SSRI use, including citalopram, can lead to weight gain for some.
Compared to other antidepressant classes like tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs are often associated with less substantial weight increases, but weight gain remains a possibility with prolonged treatment. A significant portion (55% to 65%) of individuals on long-term antidepressant therapy report weight gain. While some studies link citalopram to more weight gain than bupropion or fluoxetine, it carries a lower risk than other SSRIs like paroxetine or duloxetine.
Potential Reasons for Weight Changes
Weight changes with citalopram involve complex biological and behavioral factors. By increasing serotonin, citalopram can initially suppress appetite, leading to early weight loss. However, prolonged serotonin changes can increase carbohydrate cravings, contributing to weight gain. SSRIs may also influence metabolism, potentially reducing calorie burning.
Improved mood from citalopram is another factor. As depression symptoms (often including appetite loss) lift, appetite may normalize or increase, leading to greater food intake. Citalopram has also been linked to activating H1 histamine receptors, which increase food intake. Long-term SSRI use might also contribute to insulin resistance, affecting glucose processing and potentially leading to weight accumulation.
Managing Weight While on Citalopram
For individuals concerned about or experiencing weight changes on citalopram, several strategies can help manage this side effect. Maintaining a balanced diet rich in whole foods and limiting processed items supports weight management. Regular physical activity burns calories and improves mood, aiding depression management. Regularly monitoring weight, such as weekly, helps identify significant changes early. Open communication with a healthcare provider about side effects, including weight changes, is important. Professionals can offer personalized advice, explore dietary or exercise modifications, or consider adjusting medication if weight gain becomes a significant concern.
Other Factors Influencing Weight
Weight changes are often influenced by multiple factors beyond medication. Depression itself can significantly impact appetite and weight. Some individuals experience appetite loss and weight loss, while others see increased appetite, particularly for comfort foods, leading to weight gain. Lifestyle choices also play a substantial role. Dietary habits, physical activity, chronic stress, and sleep patterns can all independently affect weight. Therefore, weight changes on citalopram may result from a combination of medication effects, resolution of depressive symptoms, and other lifestyle factors.