Cherry wood is one of the most highly valued domestic hardwoods used in fine furniture and cabinetry. While it does come from a cherry tree, the specific species is not the one that produces the sweet fruit found in the grocery store. Its popularity stems from its unique color change over time and exceptional workability, making it a preferred material for craftsmen.
Identifying the Commercial Source Tree
The vast majority of commercial cherry wood is harvested from the American Black Cherry (Prunus serotina). This deciduous species is native to Eastern North America, with the highest quality timber often sourced from the Appalachian region, particularly Pennsylvania and New York. Unlike the smaller sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium), the American Black Cherry grows into a tall, straight-trunked forest tree, reaching heights of 50 to 100 feet.
The trees used for lumber must grow straight and tall to yield clear, usable boards, which is a key reason many fruit-producing cherry varieties are unsuitable for commercial timber. While the American Black Cherry does produce small, tart, clustered fruit, it is cultivated primarily for its wood. Its classification as a hardwood means it comes from a broad-leafed, deciduous tree, offering density and durability suitable for construction and furniture.
Defining Characteristics of Cherry Wood
Genuine cherry wood is prized for its fine, uniform texture and generally straight grain pattern, which is considered a closed grain. The wood’s heartwood, the inner section of the trunk, starts as a light pinkish-brown or salmon color when freshly milled. A defining characteristic is the presence of small, dark, irregular pitch pockets or gum streaks within the grain, which are a natural feature and serve as a reliable identifier.
The most distinctive property of cherry wood is its color evolution, known as photo-oxidation. Over time and with exposure to light, the color deepens dramatically, mellowing into a rich, reddish-brown hue. This darkening process is most noticeable within the first six months and continues for several years, giving the wood a lustrous appearance. Although moderately hard, cherry wood is known for its excellent workability, dimensional stability, and ability to be finished smoothly.
Avoiding Imitations and Faux Cherry
Because of its desirability, cherry wood is frequently imitated using less expensive species that are stained to achieve a similar reddish tone. Common woods used as substitutes include soft maple, birch, alder, or yellow poplar, which are dyed to mimic cherry’s rich color. Consumers should be wary of the term “Cherry Finish,” as this almost always refers to a color of stain applied to a non-cherry wood rather than the wood species itself.
To verify authenticity, a consumer can examine the wood for the natural imperfections that characterize true cherry. Look closely for the fine, smooth texture, the closed grain structure, and the occasional presence of small, dark gum pockets or mineral deposits. If the piece is solid wood and not veneer, checking the exposed end grain for the characteristic color and pore structure of Prunus serotina helps distinguish it from woods like maple or birch.