Chamomile tea has long been a popular folk remedy, derived from the dried flowers of the Matricaria chamomilla plant. Traditionally, it has been used to aid sleep, soothe upset stomachs, and calm irritated skin. Since allergy symptoms stem from inflammation, many people turn to this natural remedy hoping to relieve runny noses, itchy eyes, and congestion. While not a replacement for medical treatments, the plant’s chemical composition suggests a plausible mechanism for offering mild relief.
Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Chamomile
The proposed benefits of chamomile for allergy relief are largely rooted in its rich content of bioactive chemical compounds, which act as mild anti-inflammatories. The most-studied components include flavonoids, such as apigenin, and volatile oils, like chamazulene and alpha-bisabolol. These compounds work within the body to influence the inflammatory response that underlies allergic reactions.
Apigenin, a prominent flavonoid found in chamomile, has been shown in laboratory studies to possess anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting specific enzymes and pathways in the body. This action can decrease the production of inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide, which are key players in triggering allergy symptoms. Furthermore, apigenin and other flavonoids suppress the release of histamine from mast cells, a process central to the allergic response.
The volatile oil chamazulene also exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activity. It works alongside alpha-bisabolol, a terpene compound, to reduce inflammation by acting on the arachidonic acid cascade, a series of reactions that produces inflammatory signaling molecules. While these findings are promising, much of the evidence comes from laboratory and animal models, meaning limited clinical studies have directly confirmed the anti-allergy effectiveness of chamomile tea in humans.
Different Ways Chamomile is Used for Allergy Relief
Chamomile is often utilized in several forms to target different allergy symptoms, from systemic relief to localized soothing. The most common method is drinking the tea, which provides systemic effects through the absorption of anti-inflammatory compounds into the bloodstream. To prepare a potent tea, steep two to three heaping teaspoons of dried chamomile flowers in eight ounces of boiling water for five to ten minutes, covering the mug to trap the volatile oils.
For congestion and sinus discomfort, steam inhalation with chamomile delivers volatile oils directly to the respiratory passages. Preparation involves adding dried chamomile flowers to a large bowl of boiling water and inhaling the steam, often with a towel draped over the head. The warm, moist air, combined with the anti-inflammatory and decongestant effects of the oils, helps soothe inflamed nasal passages and dissolve mucus.
Chamomile can also be prepared as a compress to address external symptoms, particularly irritated or itchy eyes common during allergy season. After making a strong infusion, a cloth can be soaked in the liquid, or used tea bags can be chilled. Applying a cool chamomile compress to the closed eyelids offers localized relief from swelling and irritation due to the herb’s anti-inflammatory properties.
Important Safety Warnings and Contraindications
Chamomile is not without safety considerations, especially for individuals prone to allergies. A significant warning involves the risk of allergic cross-reactivity because chamomile belongs to the Asteraceae family of plants. People with known sensitivities to related plants, such as ragweed, daisies, chrysanthemums, or marigolds, may experience an allergic reaction to chamomile, ranging from mild symptoms to severe hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis.
Chamomile contains natural compounds called coumarins, which can exhibit mild blood-thinning effects. This property means that chamomile may interact with anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications, such as warfarin or aspirin, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding. Individuals taking blood thinners should consult a healthcare provider before incorporating chamomile into their routine.
The herb may cause drowsiness and could interact with sedatives or other central nervous system depressants. Due to conflicting and limited data, pregnant or nursing individuals should avoid using chamomile. Some studies suggest it may have uterine-stimulating effects, and its safety for the developing fetus or infant has not been fully established.