Chamomile, including species like German (Matricaria chamomilla) and Roman (Chamaemelum nobile), is one of the oldest and most widely used medicinal herbs globally. Ancient cultures traditionally used the flowers of this plant to manage various digestive disturbances, including stomach upset and the sensation of nausea. This history established chamomile’s reputation as a gentle remedy for the stomach, leading to the belief that it can soothe queasiness. Modern science is now investigating whether it supports this traditional claim.
The Scientific Evidence for Settling the Stomach
Direct, high-quality clinical trials focused specifically on chamomile’s effect on stand-alone nausea and vomiting are limited, but existing data suggests a potential benefit. Chamomile’s traditional use for digestive complaints, such as indigestion, gas, and stomach cramps, is supported by scientific evidence. Studies often focus on related gastrointestinal (GI) conditions like functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), where chamomile extracts have shown positive results in reducing symptoms.
Small-scale human studies have investigated the herb’s anti-nausea properties in specific contexts. For example, chamomile capsules were found effective in reducing nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy. Research involving patients undergoing chemotherapy or post-operative recovery has also indicated that chamomile extract can reduce the severity and frequency of vomiting in some cases.
How Chamomile Affects the Digestive System
Chamomile’s soothing effects on the gut are attributed to several chemical components, primarily flavonoids and terpenoids, which work through multiple biological pathways. The key mechanisms involve antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and mild sedative actions. The flavonoid apigenin and the terpenoid bisabolol are among the most active compounds responsible for these effects.
Antispasmodic Action
The antispasmodic effect is particularly relevant to nausea, which often involves involuntary muscle contractions in the stomach. Bisabolol and apigenin help relax the smooth muscle lining of the digestive tract, easing cramps and spasms. This muscle-relaxing action alleviates discomfort and promotes the gentle movement of contents through the gut.
Anti-inflammatory Properties
Chamomile also reduces irritation within the GI tract through its anti-inflammatory properties. Compounds like chamazulene and bisabolol inhibit inflammatory mediators, thereby soothing an inflamed stomach lining. Reducing this internal irritation can prevent signals from being sent to the brain’s vomiting center.
Mild Sedative Effect
The flavonoid apigenin can bind to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the central nervous system, producing a mild calming effect. This action indirectly helps relieve nausea that is often exacerbated by stress or anxiety. By promoting overall relaxation, chamomile may quiet the nervous system input contributing to the sensation of illness.
Practical Preparation and Safety Considerations
The most common and effective way to use chamomile for nausea relief is by consuming it as a hot infusion or tea. To maximize the extraction of beneficial volatile oils like bisabolol, steep one tea bag or about one tablespoon of dried flowers in hot water for five to ten minutes. Covering the mug while steeping helps trap the volatile oils, ensuring a higher concentration of active compounds in your drink.
While generally considered safe for most people, there are important safety considerations to keep in mind. Chamomile belongs to the Asteraceae family, which includes ragweed, chrysanthemums, and marigolds. Individuals allergic to these plants may experience an allergic reaction, ranging from mild skin irritation to severe anaphylaxis in rare cases.
Chamomile may also interact with certain medications due to its mild blood-thinning and sedative properties. People taking blood thinners, such as warfarin, or sedative medications should consult a healthcare provider before regular consumption. Pregnant individuals should also seek medical advice, as high doses may pose a risk.