People often encounter a strong, reflexive cough when using inhaled CBD products, leading to the question of whether the molecule itself is the irritant. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a compound derived from the cannabis plant. The discomfort is almost always a reaction to the method of delivery or the other ingredients mixed into the product, not the CBD molecule itself. The lungs are highly sensitive organs, and introducing any foreign substance, especially when heated, can trigger the body’s natural defense mechanism.
Why Inhaling Vapors Causes Irritation
The cough reflex is a physical response designed to expel irritants from the airways. When a person inhales any heated vapor or smoke, the respiratory system interprets the incoming material as an irritant. The temperature of the vapor plays a significant role, as the introduction of hot air or aerosol into the throat and lungs can cause immediate discomfort and inflammation. Even when a vaporizer operates below the point of combustion, the resulting aerosol is often hot enough to dry out the mucosal lining of the trachea, making the airways more reactive and prone to triggering a cough.
Furthermore, the physical characteristics of the vapor itself can stimulate the airways. Vapor consists of microscopic liquid droplets and fine particles that are denser than normal air. When inhaled, these dense particles can physically stress the bronchioles, which expand to accommodate the sudden influx. This rapid change in pressure and the presence of fine particles stimulate nerve endings in the throat and lungs, initiating a forceful expulsion of air.
How Additives Influence Coughing
Beyond the physical act of inhalation, the chemical composition of the CBD product often determines the severity of the cough. Most CBD vape liquids contain thinning agents necessary for proper viscosity. Propylene Glycol (PG) is a common thinning agent known to carry a stronger “throat hit” sensation. High concentrations of PG can directly irritate the sensitive mucous membranes, often causing a scratchy or burning feeling that precedes a cough. Vegetable Glycerin (VG) is another common additive that is perceived as smoother, but it still contributes to vapor density.
Other compounds, such as concentrated terpenes, which are responsible for the plant’s scent and flavor, can also act as direct airway irritants. When highly concentrated terpenes are heated, they can degrade into volatile organic compounds like methacrolein, a known pulmonary irritant. The presence of these compounds in the inhaled aerosol heightens the body’s protective coughing response.
CBD Consumption Methods That Avoid Coughing
For individuals seeking the benefits of CBD without respiratory discomfort, several delivery methods completely bypass the lungs and throat. Sublingual oils, or tinctures, involve placing CBD oil drops under the tongue for absorption directly into the bloodstream. Edibles, such as capsules or gummies, deliver CBD through the digestive system. While absorption is slower, this method avoids contact with the respiratory tract entirely, as the CBD is processed by the liver. Topical applications, like creams or balms, engage the skin’s cannabinoid receptors without internal consumption, ensuring a cough-free experience.
Tips for Reducing Inhalation Cough
For users who prefer the rapid onset of effects that inhalation provides, several adjustments can help reduce the frequency and intensity of coughing. Taking smaller, slower puffs from the device minimizes the volume and density of vapor entering the airways at one time, reducing the physical shock to the bronchioles. Lowering the temperature or wattage setting on the vaporization device is also helpful, as cooler vapor is significantly less harsh on the throat. Furthermore, selecting a CBD liquid with a higher ratio of Vegetable Glycerin (VG) relative to Propylene Glycol (PG) can result in a smoother vapor sensation. Finally, staying well-hydrated before and during use can help counteract the drying effect that heated vapor has on the throat and mouth.