Catnip, scientifically known as Nepeta cataria, is a common herb recognized for its remarkable effects on felines. While its impact on cats is well-documented, a frequent question arises regarding whether these effects extend to humans. This article explores how catnip influences cats and clarifies its different, and generally subtle, interaction with the human body.
How Catnip Affects Cats
Catnip’s influence on cats stems from a specific chemical compound called nepetalactone. When cats encounter catnip, either by sniffing or ingesting it, nepetalactone interacts with their olfactory receptors. When inhaled, nepetalactone binds to receptors in a cat’s nasal tissue, stimulating brain areas associated with emotion and behavior. This can lead to responses like rolling, rubbing, purring, meowing, or hyperactivity.
If a cat eats catnip, the effect is often reversed, typically leading to a calming, relaxed state. Effects usually last 10 to 15 minutes, after which the cat becomes temporarily immune for about two hours. Not all cats react to catnip; sensitivity is a hereditary trait, with 30% to 50% showing no response. Kittens under three to six months old also typically do not respond.
What Happens When Humans Encounter Catnip
Unlike the psychoactive effects observed in cats, catnip does not produce a similar “high” in humans. The human brain lacks the specific receptors that nepetalactone binds to in felines, explaining this difference. Historical reports from the 1960s suggested a marijuana-like effect when smoked, but this was likely due to confusion with other plants. Its legal and inexpensive nature suggests it lacks significant psychoactive effects on humans.
When consumed as a tea, catnip is anecdotally believed to have a mild sedative effect, promoting relaxation and potentially aiding in better sleep. This calming property may stem from nepetalactone’s potential interaction with GABAergic pathways in the human brain, which reduce neuronal excitability and promote calmness. However, research on catnip’s effects on humans is limited, and most information is anecdotal rather than scientifically proven.
Beyond Psychoactive Effects: Human Uses and Safety
Catnip has a history of traditional use in human herbal medicine, distinct from its effects on cats. It has been traditionally employed as a digestive aid to alleviate discomforts such as indigestion, cramping, gas, and stomach upset. Beyond internal uses, catnip has found application as an insect repellent. Studies suggest that compounds in catnip, particularly nepetalactone, can be as effective as, or even more effective than, DEET in repelling mosquitoes by activating irritant receptors in insects.
Catnip is generally considered safe for adult consumption in small to moderate amounts, particularly as a tea. However, consuming large quantities can lead to mild side effects such as headaches, vomiting, or digestive discomfort. Catnip can also act as a diuretic, potentially increasing urination. Pregnant women should avoid catnip as it may stimulate uterine contractions, and it is not recommended for children due to a lack of sufficient safety information.