Gum recession is a common dental issue where the gum tissue surrounding the teeth gradually pulls back, exposing more of the tooth surface or even the tooth’s root. This exposure can make teeth appear longer and may lead to increased tooth sensitivity. The condition develops over time, affecting one or multiple teeth and signifying a change in the gums’ protective barrier.
How Brushing Too Hard Causes Receding Gums
Aggressive brushing directly contributes to gum recession through mechanical trauma to delicate gum tissues. Excessive force, especially with a hard-bristled toothbrush, can physically wear away the gum margin. Improper techniques, such as horizontal scrubbing, can further abrade soft tissues over time.
Continuous trauma causes gums to recede, exposing the root surface which lacks protective enamel. The effect is cumulative; consistent aggressive brushing, even without immediate pain, leads to significant recession over months or years. Exposed root surfaces may also become notched at the gum line, indicating abrasive action.
Other Common Causes of Gum Recession
While aggressive brushing is a factor, other elements can lead to gum recession. Periodontal disease, a bacterial infection damaging gum tissue and supporting bone, is a common cause. This inflammatory response destroys tissues around teeth, causing gums to pull away and form pockets. Uncontrolled plaque and tartar buildup from insufficient dental care provides a breeding ground for bacteria, exacerbating gum inflammation and recession.
Genetic predisposition also plays a role; some individuals naturally have thinner gum tissue, making them more susceptible to recession even with good oral hygiene. Tobacco use, including smoking and chewing, significantly increases the risk of gum disease and recession due to its damaging effects on gum tissue and reduced blood flow. Teeth grinding (bruxism) can exert excessive force on teeth and surrounding tissues, leading to gum damage and recession.
Misaligned teeth or certain orthodontic treatments can create undue pressure on specific gum areas, contributing to recession. Aggressive flossing or improper use of dental picks can cause direct trauma to gum tissue, similar to hard brushing. Hormonal changes (e.g., during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause) can also make gums more sensitive and prone to recession.
Preventing Gum Recession
Preventing gum recession involves adopting proper oral hygiene and addressing underlying factors. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush, as hard bristles can damage gum tissue and tooth enamel. When brushing, hold the toothbrush with a light grip (e.g., with fingertips) rather than a tight fist to regulate pressure. Apply gentle, circular, or short-stroke motions, angled at 45 degrees towards the gum line, to effectively clean teeth without traumatizing gums.
Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are important for early detection and for removing plaque and tartar not removed by daily brushing and flossing. Dentists can identify early signs of gum recession and offer personalized brushing advice. If teeth grinding or misaligned teeth contribute to recession, consult a dentist for interventions like a nightguard for bruxism or orthodontic evaluation to prevent further damage. Avoiding tobacco products also plays a significant role in maintaining gum health and preventing recession.
Managing Existing Gum Recession
For existing gum recession, professional dental consultation is the first step for diagnosis and personalized management. A dentist can assess severity and determine the most appropriate course of action. If plaque and tartar buildup contribute, a deep cleaning procedure called scaling and root planing may be recommended. This procedure removes bacteria and hardened deposits from above and below the gum line, smoothing tooth roots to promote gum reattachment.
In advanced cases, surgical options like gum grafting can restore lost gum tissue. This involves taking tissue from another mouth area (often the palate) or using donor tissue, attaching it to the receded area to cover exposed roots and add volume to the gum line. For exposed root surfaces causing sensitivity, dental bonding or fillings can be applied. Tooth-colored resin material is placed over the exposed root to protect it and reduce discomfort. Using desensitizing toothpaste (e.g., with potassium nitrate or stannous fluoride) can help manage tooth sensitivity associated with exposed roots.