Breastfeeding is a significant part of many new parents’ journeys. As the body recovers postpartum, questions often arise about the return of the menstrual cycle and its potential effects on milk production. Understanding these changes can help parents feel more prepared and confident.
Understanding the Changes in Milk Supply
The return of menstruation while breastfeeding is a highly individualized process. While exclusive and frequent breastfeeding can delay periods, they can resume anywhere from a few months to over a year postpartum. Factors like the baby’s feeding patterns, including solids or longer stretches between feedings, can influence when menstruation returns.
When the menstrual cycle returns, hormonal shifts can temporarily influence breast milk supply. Before and during menstruation, estrogen and progesterone levels increase. These hormones can interfere with prolactin, the primary hormone for milk production, potentially leading to a slight, temporary decrease. Some parents may notice their breasts feel softer or that pumping yields less milk.
Beyond quantity, breast milk composition can also change during menstruation. Research suggests a slight alteration in milk taste, often due to increased sodium and chloride levels and decreased lactose, making the milk less sweet and potentially saltier. This taste change, along with a possible slower milk flow, can sometimes lead to a baby displaying fussiness or reluctance to feed. Additionally, some parents may experience increased nipple sensitivity or tenderness, which can make nursing uncomfortable for a few days.
Supporting Milk Supply and Baby During Menstruation
Despite potential temporary changes, several strategies can help manage milk supply and support the baby during menstruation. Increasing nursing frequency is beneficial, as more frequent milk removal signals the body to produce more. Offering both breasts at each feeding and ensuring thorough emptying can also help maintain production.
Maintaining adequate hydration and a balanced diet supports milk production. Supplementing with calcium and magnesium can help mitigate the temporary dip in milk supply and reduce nipple tenderness. A common recommendation is to take 500 to 1,000 mg of calcium and 250 to 500 mg of magnesium daily, ideally starting from ovulation and continuing through the initial days of the period. While some consider galactagogues, such as certain herbs, consult a healthcare professional before adding any supplements.
Changes in a baby’s feeding behavior, such as fussiness or increased feeding frequency, often indicate adjustment to temporary shifts in milk flow or taste. Offering shorter, more frequent feeds helps, and ensuring a good latch can make nursing more comfortable for both parent and baby. If the baby consistently appears unsatisfied, or if there are concerns about their weight or intake, seeking advice from a lactation consultant or healthcare provider is recommended. These professionals offer personalized guidance and assess for underlying issues.