Breast cancer radiation therapy is a common and localized treatment designed to destroy cancer cells in the breast or surrounding areas. This therapy uses high-energy X-rays or particles to target cancerous tissue. Its purpose is to reduce the risk of cancer returning after surgery by eliminating remaining cancer cells. Radiation therapy is carefully planned by a team of experts to target the affected region while minimizing harm to healthy cells.
Radiation Therapy and Hair Loss
Breast cancer radiation therapy can lead to hair loss, but this effect differs from the widespread hair loss often associated with chemotherapy. Unlike chemotherapy, which affects rapidly dividing cells throughout the body, radiation therapy causes hair loss only within the specific area being treated. Radiation used to destroy cancer cells can also damage healthy hair follicles in its path. This damage disrupts the normal hair growth cycle, causing hair to thin or fall out in the targeted region.
Hair loss typically begins two to three weeks after radiation treatment starts. The extent of hair loss depends on factors like the total radiation dose, the duration of treatment, and the specific area of the body exposed to the radiation. While hair may become thin and brittle before shedding, the effect is generally confined to the irradiated field.
Understanding Hair Loss Location
Since breast radiation is localized to the chest and potentially the underarm region, any hair loss will occur there. It is common for individuals to experience hair loss in the underarm (axillary) area if lymph nodes in that region are treated. Men receiving breast radiation may also notice hair loss on the treated part of their chest.
Scalp hair loss is generally not a direct side effect of breast radiation therapy because the scalp is not typically within the radiation field. However, if radiation were to inadvertently include part of the scalp, or if radiation is administered to the head for other reasons, such as metastatic cancer in the brain, then scalp hair loss would occur.
Hair Regrowth Expectations
Hair loss from radiation therapy is often temporary, and hair usually begins to grow back after treatment concludes. The timeline for regrowth varies among individuals, but initial soft fuzz may appear within two to four weeks post-treatment. More noticeable regrowth occurs within three to six months. However, the texture or color of the regrown hair might differ from its original state, sometimes appearing thinner, patchier, or with a different curl pattern.
Factors influencing hair regrowth include the total radiation dose and the individual’s response to treatment. Higher doses of radiation can cause more damage to hair follicles, potentially leading to slower regrowth or permanent hair loss in the treated area. It may take up to a year for hair to achieve length and thickness after radiation therapy.
Coping with Hair Changes
Managing hair changes during and after breast cancer radiation therapy requires gentle care and protective measures. Use mild, low-pH cleansers and warm water when washing the treated area, avoiding harsh scrubbing or rubbing. After washing, gently pat the skin dry with a soft towel. Apply moisturizers recommended by your healthcare team to soothe the skin and support its recovery.
Also protect the treated skin from irritation. Wear loose-fitting clothing made of soft, breathable fabrics like cotton to prevent friction. Shield the irradiated area from direct sun exposure with clothing or recommended sunscreen, as the skin becomes more sensitive. Avoid harsh chemicals, perfumed products, and tight bras in the treated area to reduce discomfort. If shaving is necessary, use an electric shaver to minimize skin irritation.