Scar tissue is a fibrous tissue that forms as a natural part of the body’s healing process after an injury, surgery, or inflammation. It is composed primarily of collagen, a protein that provides structural support throughout the body, including bones, muscles, skin, and tendons. While its purpose is to patch up wounds and restore integrity to damaged areas, scar tissue differs from healthy tissue in its structure and flexibility. It often lacks the elasticity and organized fiber alignment of normal tissue, which can sometimes lead to restricted movement, discomfort, or pain.
Understanding the Sensation
Breaking up scar tissue can cause discomfort or pain, with sensations varying among individuals. Common descriptions include a deep ache, sharp pain, stretching, burning, or pressure. Pain often stems from nerve endings trapped or irritated within the scar tissue. The resistance of dense, fibrous tissue and stretching of surrounding healthy tissue also contribute. Scar tissue has less water content and is less flexible than regular skin, which can lead to tightness.
Factors Influencing Discomfort Levels
Several elements influence the discomfort experienced when scar tissue is addressed. The age of the scar is one factor, as newer scars may be more sensitive and still undergoing active remodeling, a process that can take up to two years. The location of the scar also plays a role; areas with a higher concentration of nerve endings or less underlying padding may be more sensitive. The depth and size of the scar, and whether it has formed adhesions that bind to surrounding tissues or organs, can also affect discomfort. An individual’s pain tolerance and the specific technique used also contribute to the overall experience.
Common Approaches and Managing Pain
Non-surgical methods frequently address scar tissue. Manual therapy, such as massage, involves applying pressure to the scar and surrounding tissue to break up adhesions and improve circulation. Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), like the Graston Technique, uses specialized tools to scrape muscle and connective tissue, aiming to break down scar tissue. Stretching and specific exercises also elongate scar tissue and improve flexibility.
During these procedures, open communication with the practitioner is important to adjust pressure levels. Post-session, applying ice or heat can help manage soreness and inflammation, and over-the-counter pain relief may be used if advised by a healthcare professional.
What to Expect During Recovery
Following scar tissue disruption, some residual soreness or discomfort is common, typically lasting a few hours to a few days. Bruising and tenderness in the treated area are also possible. Adhering to post-treatment instructions, which often include continued movement and specific exercises, is important for supporting healing and preventing restrictive adhesions from re-forming. Maintaining hydration also supports tissue health and recovery. These interventions aim to reduce pain and improve flexibility and function over time, as the treated tissue remodels and becomes more adaptable.