When a breastfeeding parent becomes unwell, a common concern is how the illness might affect their milk supply. Maintaining milk production feels paramount to the baby’s well-being. This article provides information regarding the interaction between acute illness and lactation. Understanding the physiological mechanisms and implementing specific protective measures can help minimize any potential impact on milk volume.
Understanding the Typical Effect of Acute Illness
A temporary dip in milk supply is common when sick, but a permanent loss is extremely rare. While the body directs energy toward fighting an infection, this can temporarily affect milk volume. The mechanism of milk production, governed by demand and supply, remains intact. If the baby continues to nurse frequently or the parent pumps, the body receives the necessary signals to continue lactation. The reduction in milk volume is short-lived and recovers once the acute phase of the illness passes.
Physiological Reasons for a Temporary Dip
Several biological factors contribute to the temporary reduction in milk volume during acute illness. The most immediate factor is fluid loss, often accelerated by symptoms like fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. Since breast milk is largely water, dehydration significantly impacts plasma volume, directly correlating with a decrease in milk volume. The body’s immune response also releases inflammatory cytokines to combat infection. These proteins can temporarily inhibit oxytocin, the hormone responsible for the milk ejection reflex (letdown). This inhibition makes milk removal less efficient, signaling the body to slow production. Physical and emotional stress also increases stress hormones, such as cortisol, which interfere with the oxytocin reflex. Severe exhaustion or nasal congestion can also make nursing sessions less frequent or less effective, reducing the demand signal required to sustain supply.
Essential Steps for Maintaining Supply and Recovery
The most effective action a breastfeeding parent can take during illness is managing fluid intake. Consuming water, broths, and electrolyte beverages counteracts fluid loss from fever or gastrointestinal symptoms, directly supporting milk volume. Maintaining adequate caloric intake is also important, as the body requires energy to sustain lactation. Maintain the regular schedule of milk removal, whether through nursing or pumping. Even if the volume is low, emptying the breast signals the body to continue production, protecting the supply. Prioritizing rest allows the body to redirect resources back to milk synthesis and helps reduce stress hormones. Parents should consult a healthcare provider regarding any medications, particularly over-the-counter cold and flu remedies. Some decongestants, for example, contain pseudoephedrine, which acts as a vasoconstrictor and can inadvertently reduce milk supply. Discussing safe alternatives, such as pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen, ensures symptom management without compromising lactation.
Safety of Breast Milk During Parental Illness
In nearly all common illnesses, such as colds, flu, stomach viruses, or COVID-19, continuing to breastfeed is safe and recommended. The parent’s body begins producing immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies specific to the current illness almost immediately. These antibodies are passed directly to the baby through the milk, providing passive immunity and protection. Stopping breastfeeding removes this protective benefit, potentially increasing the baby’s risk of contracting the infection. The risk of transmission is typically through respiratory droplets or direct contact, rather than through the milk itself. Continuing to nurse while practicing good hand hygiene remains the best course of action for the baby’s health.