Australia’s Large Spider Residents
Australia is often associated with unique wildlife, including spiders that frequently capture public attention due to their perceived size. Many people wonder if the country is truly home to exceptionally large arachnids. While some Australian spiders can indeed appear imposing, understanding which species are commonly encountered provides clarity on this widespread perception.
Huntsman spiders are a prominent example, known for their lengthy, jointed legs that spread out like a fan. Golden Orb-weavers also contribute, constructing extensive, strong golden webs that can span considerable distances. These spiders are often noticed due to their visible presence in gardens and outdoor spaces.
Other notable large spiders include funnel-web spiders, particularly the Sydney funnel-web, recognized for its robust body and glossy black appearance. Trapdoor spiders, which create burrows with hinged lids, also contribute. While their body size can be substantial, their leg span or web-building habits often make them seem particularly large.
The Truth About Their Size
The perceived “giant” nature of Australian spiders often relates more to their leg span than their actual body length. Huntsman spiders, for example, have a relatively flat body that typically measures 2 to 4.5 centimeters (0.8 to 1.8 inches). Their leg span can extend significantly, sometimes reaching 15 centimeters (6 inches), and occasionally over 20 centimeters (8 inches) for species like the Queensland huntsman.
Golden Orb-weaver females have a more substantial body size compared to huntsmen, with their bodies often growing up to 4 centimeters (1.6 inches) long. Their leg span can also be quite impressive, frequently reaching 10 to 12 centimeters (4 to 4.7 inches). Funnel-web spiders, particularly the male Sydney funnel-web, have a body length of about 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters (1 to 1.4 inches). These measurements highlight that while some species have long legs, their actual body mass might be less than anticipated.
Are They Dangerous?
The question of danger from large Australian spiders is a common concern, and the answer varies significantly depending on the species. Many large spiders, such as huntsman species, are generally considered not dangerous to humans. Their venom is typically mild, and a bite usually results in localized pain, swelling, and sometimes nausea, but serious medical complications are rare. Huntsman spiders are also not aggressive and tend to flee when approached.
In contrast, certain large spiders, like the Sydney funnel-web spider, are known for their highly potent venom. Bites from male Sydney funnel-web spiders are medically significant and can be life-threatening if untreated. Symptoms can rapidly progress to severe pain, sweating, muscle spasms, and respiratory distress. An effective antivenom has been available since 1981, making fatalities extremely rare.
Golden Orb-weaver spiders are generally not considered dangerous to humans. While their bite can be painful and may cause localized swelling or numbness, their venom is not medically significant. Trapdoor spiders also have venom that is not considered dangerous to humans, typically causing only minor symptoms such as localized pain and swelling. It is always advisable to seek medical attention if bitten by any spider, especially if the species is unknown or symptoms develop.
Coexisting with Australian Spiders
Large Australian spiders inhabit diverse environments, from dense forests to urban gardens and homes. Huntsman spiders are frequently found indoors, often on walls or behind furniture, as they seek shelter and prey. Golden Orb-weavers prefer outdoor spaces, building their large, conspicuous webs between trees, shrubs, and structures to catch flying insects. Funnel-web spiders, particularly the Sydney funnel-web, typically reside in moist, sheltered areas, often in burrows or under rocks and logs.
To coexist safely, it is generally recommended to observe spiders from a distance. If a spider is found indoors and needs removal, gently guide it into a container and release it outside. Simple preventative measures, such as sealing gaps in doors and windows, can help reduce spiders entering homes. Most large spiders play a beneficial role in controlling insect populations and are not aggressive towards humans.