Scorpions are common arachnids found across Australia, adapting to various environments. While often unseen due to their nocturnal habits and preference for remote habitats, they are a natural part of the Australian ecosystem.
Australian Scorpion Species
Australia is home to over 100 known scorpion species. These arachnids typically range from 2 to 12 centimeters, characterized by their long, curved tails ending in a stinger and two prominent pincers. Their coloration varies, often from dark grey to light brown or gold, sometimes with lighter legs.
Commonly encountered species include the Desert Scorpion (Urodacus yaschenkoi), a large arachnid found across Australia’s arid interior. The Marbled Scorpion (Lychas marmoreus) is smaller, typically 1.5 to 4 centimeters long, with a mottled appearance. The Wood or Forest Scorpion (Cercophonius squama) has a creamy yellow to orange-brown body with darker patterning. Scorpions can fluoresce under ultraviolet light, a trait scientists use for observation.
Where Scorpions Live in Australia
Scorpions are widely distributed across Australia, inhabiting environments from arid deserts to dense forests and suburban areas. They seek shelter under logs, rocks, and in shallow burrows to avoid harsh sunlight and predators. Being nocturnal, they are primarily active at night, though some may be seen during the day, especially during wet weather.
Desert scorpions construct deep spiral burrows up to a meter underground to escape extreme daytime temperatures. The Marbled Scorpion, common in southern Australia, often resides in gum forests and can enter homes. Wood or Forest Scorpions prefer moist habitats, living in burrows under leaf litter or tree bark, and are found across south-western and eastern mainland Australia, including Tasmania.
Understanding Scorpion Stings
While Australian scorpions deliver a painful sting, their venom is generally not considered life-threatening to humans. A sting typically results in localized pain, which can be severe, along with inflammation and tenderness. Other symptoms might include redness, numbness, and occasionally systemic effects like nausea, headaches, or malaise, though these are less common.
If stung, immediate first aid involves cleaning the site with soap and water to prevent infection. Applying a cold pack or ice helps reduce swelling and alleviate pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as paracetamol, can manage discomfort. Seek medical attention if pain persists, symptoms worsen, or if the person stung is a child or elderly, as they may be more susceptible to severe reactions.