Back pain has many sources, making its exact cause challenging to pinpoint. Ovarian cysts are sometimes questioned as a cause of this discomfort. While often asymptomatic, ovarian cysts can lead to pain, including radiating sensations felt in the back. This connection warrants a closer look to understand how these growths might influence back pain.
Understanding Ovarian Cysts
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop on or inside the ovaries, which are almond-shaped organs located on each side of the uterus. These growths are common, with most women developing at least one small cyst each month as part of their normal menstrual cycle. Functional cysts, such as follicular cysts or corpus luteum cysts, are the most common type and typically resolve on their own within a few months.
Follicular cysts form when a follicle, which is a sac containing an egg, fails to release the egg during ovulation and continues to grow and fill with fluid. Corpus luteum cysts occur after an egg has been released, and the remaining follicle, now called the corpus luteum, fills with fluid instead of breaking down. Less common types, known as pathological cysts, include dermoid cysts, endometriomas, and cystadenomas, which can sometimes grow larger or cause more severe symptoms.
How Ovarian Cysts Cause Back Pain
Ovarian cysts can cause back pain through several mechanisms, especially when larger or complicated. Ovaries are in the pelvic region, and cyst pain can radiate to the lower back. Pain is often a dull ache, but can become sharp or severe.
Cysts cause back pain through their size and pressure on surrounding structures. As a cyst grows, it can press on nearby organs, tissues, or nerves within the abdominal and pelvic cavities, leading to discomfort that extends to the lower back. Posteriorly located cysts or those that shift position can specifically impact the back.
Sudden severe back pain can also indicate a ruptured cyst. When an ovarian cyst bursts, its fluid or blood can irritate the abdominal lining, causing sharp pain in the lower abdomen that radiates to the back. While many ruptured cysts do not require treatment, a large rupture can lead to heavy internal bleeding requiring immediate medical attention.
Ovarian torsion, a medical emergency, is another serious cause of back pain related to ovarian cysts. This occurs when a large cyst causes the ovary to twist around its supporting ligaments, cutting off blood supply. Ovarian torsion results in sudden, severe pain, often with nausea and vomiting, frequently radiating to the back.
Other Symptoms Associated with Ovarian Cysts
Beyond back pain, ovarian cysts can manifest through a range of other symptoms:
- Pelvic pain or pressure, often a dull ache or sharp discomfort in the lower abdomen on the cyst’s side.
- Abdominal bloating or swelling, sometimes more pronounced on one side.
- Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia).
- Menstrual irregularities, including heavier, lighter, or less regular periods.
- Pain during bowel movements or urination.
- Feeling full quickly after eating, even small amounts.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While many ovarian cysts are harmless and resolve without intervention, certain symptoms warrant prompt medical evaluation. Seek medical attention if you experience sudden, severe abdominal or pelvic pain, especially if accompanied by back pain. This intense pain could signal a ruptured cyst or ovarian torsion, both serious conditions.
Other symptoms requiring immediate medical attention include pain with fever or vomiting. Dizziness, weakness, feeling faint, or rapid breathing also warrant urgent care. Consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and management of any persistent or severe symptoms.