Eczema, formally known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation, intense itching, and a compromised skin barrier. Sufferers often seek relief beyond standard topical treatments. Infrared sauna therapy, a wellness trend utilizing light to generate heat, has emerged as a potential complementary approach. The core question remains whether this heat-based therapy offers genuine relief or risks aggravating delicate skin.
How Infrared Therapy Affects Inflamed Skin
Infrared (IR) saunas differ fundamentally from traditional saunas by using electromagnetic radiation to heat the body directly, rather than heating the air. The IR light penetrates the skin’s surface, allowing therapeutic effects at lower ambient temperatures, typically between 120°F and 140°F. This light energy, particularly in the near-infrared spectrum, is absorbed by the cells and stimulates the mitochondria.
This cellular stimulation, known as photobiomodulation, is theorized to aid in the repair of damaged skin tissue common in eczema. Infrared light is also thought to modulate systemic inflammation, a key driver of atopic dermatitis, by reducing pro-inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP). Studies suggest IR light may suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines and block inflammatory pathways within cells.
The infrared energy promotes vasodilation, which is the widening of blood vessels. This enhanced microcirculation delivers more oxygen and essential nutrients to the skin, supporting the healing of lesions and improving overall skin health. Improved lymphatic activity is also a proposed benefit, aiding in the removal of metabolic waste and reducing local swelling.
Addressing Common Concerns About Heat and Eczema
People with atopic dermatitis often experience flares triggered by excessive heat and sweating. The intense vasodilation caused by heat can lead to increased blood flow and heightened itching (pruritus). Furthermore, the high sodium and lactate content in sweat can irritate broken or sensitive skin, potentially causing a burning sensation.
To minimize the risk of a flare, proper preparation and post-session care are necessary. Maintaining adequate hydration is important, requiring the user to drink plenty of water before, during, and after the session to prevent skin dryness. The lower operating temperature of an infrared sauna compared to a traditional one can also make the experience more tolerable.
A critical step immediately following the session is the cool-down protocol, as letting sweat dry allows salts to crystallize and cause irritation. It is recommended to take a lukewarm shower or bath immediately after leaving the sauna to rinse off the sweat and gradually lower the body temperature. Follow this by immediately applying a thick, fragrance-free moisturizer to damp skin to lock in moisture and support the skin barrier.
Current Scientific Support and Dermatologist Guidance
Despite promising biological mechanisms, large-scale clinical trials specifically investigating the effect of infrared sauna use on eczema symptoms are lacking. Most supporting evidence is anecdotal or extrapolated from studies focused on general inflammation, wound healing, or other forms of light therapy. For instance, studies show infrared light can improve skin texture, but these findings are not always in the context of eczema.
The current consensus among dermatologists is that infrared sauna therapy should be considered a complementary treatment, not a replacement for established eczema management plans. Standard treatment, involving topical corticosteroids and moisturizers, remains the primary approach for managing the condition. The relaxation and stress reduction induced by the sauna environment may also indirectly help, as stress hormones are known to trigger eczema flares.
It is recommended that anyone with eczema, especially those with severe symptoms or using prescription topical medications, consult with a dermatologist before beginning sessions. A medical professional can help weigh the potential benefits against the risks of overheating or skin irritation. This consultation ensures the therapy is safely integrated into a comprehensive care plan.