Esophageal manometry is a diagnostic test that measures the motor function of the esophagus, the muscular tube connecting the throat to the stomach. This procedure assesses the strength and coordination of muscle contractions, known as peristalsis, and evaluates how the two esophageal sphincters open and close. Measuring these pressure changes helps physicians diagnose conditions that affect swallowing, non-cardiac chest pain, and chronic reflux.
Preparing for the Procedure
Successful completion of the manometry test requires correct preparation, which typically begins hours before the scheduled appointment. Patients must fast for six to twelve hours prior to the procedure. This step ensures the esophagus and stomach are empty, preventing complications and allowing for accurate measurement of muscle activity.
Preparation also involves adjusting medication schedules, especially for drugs that influence the movement and pressure of the esophageal muscles. Medications such as calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and certain sedatives may be temporarily stopped before the test. Patients must consult with the prescribing physician before discontinuing any regular medication, as the required cessation period varies depending on the specific drug.
What the Test Feels Like
The test is generally described as uncomfortable rather than painful. The sensation of discomfort is most pronounced during the insertion phase of the pressure-sensing catheter. To mitigate this feeling, a numbing gel or spray is applied to one nostril and the back of the throat before the catheter is introduced.
The technician gently guides the narrow, flexible tube through the anesthetized nostril and down the throat. This often triggers a temporary gag reflex or a sensation of choking. Patients are encouraged to swallow small amounts of water to help the tube advance smoothly. While this moment can be intense, the sensation is brief and does not indicate tissue damage.
Once the catheter is positioned correctly through the esophagus and into the stomach, the most significant discomfort subsides. The patient is usually positioned on their back for the measurement phase, which lasts approximately 30 to 45 minutes. During this time, the patient must remain still and perform specific tasks, such as swallowing small, measured sips of water on command.
The presence of the tube in the back of the throat may continue to cause a foreign body sensation, watering eyes, or nasal congestion. However, the patient can breathe and talk normally throughout the entire test. Staff are trained to help the patient manage any reflex actions to ensure the integrity of the data collection.
Post-Procedure Recovery
The manometry test concludes when the catheter is gently removed, a process that is quick and simple. Recovery is immediate, and most patients can return to their normal routine right after leaving the testing facility. There is no requirement for a prolonged observation period.
Patients may experience a few mild and temporary side effects, such as a slight sore throat, minor irritation in the nose, or a brief nosebleed due to the friction of the tube. These issues usually resolve within a few hours. Over-the-counter throat lozenges or saline nasal spray can be used for relief.
Any medications that were temporarily stopped before the procedure, including those for reflux or motility, can generally be resumed immediately unless the physician provides alternative instructions. The test results are not available instantly, as the collected pressure data must be analyzed and interpreted by a specialist physician.
Patients are typically advised that their doctor will discuss the findings in a follow-up appointment within a few days to a week. If a patient experiences severe pain, fever, or persistent, heavy bleeding after the procedure, they should contact their healthcare provider immediately.