The Absence of True Lobsters in Alaskan Waters
True lobsters, such as American or European lobster species, are not native to Alaskan waters. Their absence is due to environmental factors that do not align with their preferred habitats.
True lobsters thrive in temperate waters, generally preferring temperatures between 59-64°F (15-18°C) and specific salinity levels. Alaskan waters are significantly colder, making them unsuitable for these species. Additionally, lobsters prefer rocky seafloors for shelter. While some parts of Alaska have rocky areas, much of the seafloor consists of softer sediments, which do not provide the necessary habitat.
The “Alaska lobster” often refers to other crustaceans, like large prawns, or is a marketing term for lobsters shipped into Alaska. No true lobsters are naturally found or commercially harvested in the North Pacific Ocean.
Alaska’s Iconic Crab Fisheries
While true lobsters are not found in Alaskan waters, the state is renowned for its abundant and diverse crab fisheries. These fisheries are a significant part of Alaska’s seafood industry. Three well-known species harvested are King Crab, Snow Crab, and Dungeness Crab.
King Crab, particularly the Red King Crab, is known for its large size and rich, sweet meat. These crabs are primarily found in the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska, often in depths less than 180 meters. Golden King Crabs inhabit deeper waters. The Red King Crab fishery in Bristol Bay has experienced closures due to stock fluctuations.
Snow Crab, also known as Opilio, is another commercially important species found in Alaska, primarily on soft sandy or muddy ocean bottoms. The Bering Sea snow crab fishery has faced closures due to population declines, with a reopening announced for the 2024-2025 season with reduced quotas. Dungeness Crab, prized for its sweet and flaky meat, is harvested in various Alaskan waters, including Southeast Alaska and the Bering Sea. These crabs prefer shallower waters and are often found on sand or sand-mud bottoms.
Understanding the Difference: Lobster vs. Crab
Lobsters and crabs, while both crustaceans, exhibit distinct anatomical and behavioral differences. Crabs generally have a broader, flatter body with a shorter abdomen tucked beneath their carapace. Their legs extend from their shell, and they typically walk sideways.
In contrast, lobsters possess a longer, more cylindrical body with a prominent tail and often have larger, robust claws. They typically walk forward, though they can rapidly swim backward by flexing their tail. Lobsters are generally solitary and prefer to inhabit rocky crevices or burrows on the ocean floor for shelter. Crabs can be found in a wider range of aquatic and even terrestrial environments.