Scorpions are found across Alabama. While their presence might cause concern, native species are generally not highly dangerous to humans; most stings result in localized discomfort rather than severe health issues. Understanding these arachnids can help residents co-exist more comfortably with them by identifying common species, recognizing their preferred habitats, and knowing how to respond to a sting.
Scorpion Species in Alabama
Alabama is home to two primary native scorpion species: the Hentz striped scorpion (Centruroides hentzi) and the Southern unstriped scorpion (Vaejovis carolinianus). The Hentz striped scorpion, sometimes called the Eastern Bark Scorpion, is commonly found in Alabama’s coastal plain counties. This species typically measures around 2 inches, though some may reach up to 2.5 inches. It has a brown base color and is identifiable by three yellowish stripes along its back, which can sometimes be indistinct.
The Southern unstriped scorpion, also known as the Southern Devil Scorpion, inhabits the southeastern U.S., including central and northern Alabama’s piedmont and mountainous regions. This scorpion is usually less than 2 inches long and exhibits a uniform color, ranging from blackish to dark brown or dark gray. While their sting can be painful, the venom of both native species is typically potent enough only for small insects and spiders, their natural prey. It is not considered life-threatening to humans.
Where Scorpions are Found
Scorpions in Alabama prefer secluded, dark, and often damp outdoor environments. Common habitats include underneath rocks, logs, and leaf litter. They also frequently hide in woodpiles, under loose tree bark, and within crumbling stone or brick foundations. These nocturnal arachnids typically rest underground or in crevices during the day.
Scorpions may occasionally enter homes, especially when driven by environmental factors like cold weather, heavy rain, or drought, as they seek shelter, moisture, or prey. They can gain entry through remarkably small openings, even cracks as narrow as 1/8-inch wide, such as those found under door frames, around windows, or where pipes enter walls. Once indoors, they often hide in dark, undisturbed areas like basements, attics, crawl spaces, wall voids, and even inside shoes or bed linens.
Understanding Scorpion Stings
A scorpion sting from a native Alabama species typically results in immediate localized pain, often described as a sharp, burning sensation. This discomfort is usually short-lived, subsiding within about 30 minutes, though the sting site may remain swollen and itchy for a few days. Other mild symptoms can include tingling and numbness at the sting site.
While most stings cause only localized reactions, monitor for more severe symptoms, particularly in sensitive individuals like young children or the elderly. Severe reactions, though rare, can manifest as muscle twitching, difficulty breathing, slurred speech, or blurred vision. If these systemic symptoms or an allergic reaction such as hives or widespread swelling occur, seek immediate medical attention.
For mild stings, first aid involves washing the area with soap and water and applying a cold pack to reduce pain and swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers can also help manage discomfort. When in doubt about a sting’s severity, contacting a poison control center or seeking professional medical care is advisable.
Keeping Scorpions Away
Preventing scorpion encounters primarily involves modifying their environment and sealing potential entry points into homes. Remove outdoor harborage sites such as woodpiles, leaf litter, and other debris from around the house foundation. Trimming vegetation and bushes away from the home’s exterior can also reduce hiding spots and pathways for scorpions. Reducing excess moisture around the property, like fixing leaks and ensuring proper drainage, makes the area less attractive.
To prevent scorpions from entering indoors, seal cracks and crevices in foundations, walls, and around windows and doors. Ensuring tight-fitting weather stripping on doors and window screens can also block entry. Inside the home, minimizing clutter, especially on floors, and shaking out shoes and clothing before use can prevent accidental encounters. If a severe infestation occurs, consulting a pest control professional may be necessary, as they have access to specialized methods and products.