Alabama is home to American alligators, but not crocodiles. While both are large reptiles belonging to the order Crocodilia, they exhibit distinct characteristics and inhabit different geographical ranges. American alligators are abundant in Alabama’s freshwater systems, thriving in the state’s diverse aquatic environments.
Alligators Versus Crocodiles: Key Distinctions
Alligators and crocodiles possess several distinguishing features, most notably in their snout shape and tooth visibility. Alligators have a broad, U-shaped snout, which is effective for crushing the shells of prey like turtles and snails. In contrast, crocodiles have a narrower, V-shaped snout, better suited for catching fish and other fast-moving animals. When an alligator’s mouth is closed, its upper jaw completely conceals its lower teeth, giving it a more seamless jawline. Conversely, a crocodile’s fourth lower tooth remains visible even when its mouth is shut.
Their preferred habitats also differ significantly. American alligators primarily inhabit freshwater environments such as swamps, marshes, lakes, and rivers. Crocodiles have a higher tolerance for saltwater and brackish conditions due to specialized glands that excrete excess salt. Alligators have dark gray to black skin, while crocodiles are lighter, with olive or tan coloration.
Alligators in Alabama: Presence and Habitat
American alligators are well-established throughout Alabama, particularly in the southern half of the state. Their population in southern Alabama is estimated to be around 70,000 individuals. These reptiles thrive in various wetland habitats, including coastal marshes, swamps, lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. While more concentrated in the south, alligators can also be found in man-made canals, storm drains, farm ponds, and even in some northern parts of the state.
Alligators play an important role as top predators in Alabama’s wetland ecosystems, helping to maintain the balance of other animal populations. Historically, unregulated hunting in the early 20th century severely impacted alligator numbers, leading to their protection. Alabama was among the first states to protect alligators in 1938, and they were listed as endangered in 1967. Conservation efforts allowed their populations to rebound, and they were delisted by 1987, though they remain federally protected.
Coexisting Safely with Alligators
Living in areas with alligators requires awareness and adherence to safety guidelines to prevent negative encounters. Never feed alligators, as this can cause them to lose their natural fear of humans and associate people with food, leading to aggressive behavior. Such alligators need to be euthanized due to the safety risk they pose. Always maintain a safe distance from alligators, at least 100 feet, and avoid approaching them or their nests.
When in or near fresh or brackish water, remain alert to your surroundings. Avoid swimming in unapproved areas or during dusk and dawn, as alligators are most active during these times. Pets should always be kept on a leash and away from the water’s edge, as their size and movement can attract an alligator’s attention. Dispose of fish scraps properly in garbage cans rather than throwing them into the water, as this can also attract alligators. If an alligator appears to be a nuisance or poses a threat, it should be reported to wildlife authorities rather than attempting to handle the situation independently.