Medical test results often use terms like “abnormal” and “positive” interchangeably, though they have distinct meanings. Understanding these differences is important for comprehending one’s health status. This article clarifies the specific definitions of “abnormal” and “positive” results and explains when they might not signify the same thing.
Understanding “Abnormal” Results
An “abnormal” result indicates a measurement falls outside a predetermined “normal” or reference range. These ranges are established by testing large groups of healthy individuals to determine what is typical. For instance, a blood test showing a potassium level slightly above the normal upper limit would be considered abnormal. However, an abnormal result does not automatically signify disease or serious health problem. It can reflect a benign variation, a temporary fluctuation due to factors like diet or medication, or a finding requiring further investigation.
Understanding “Positive” Results
A “positive” test result means the specific substance, condition, or marker being tested for has been detected. For example, a positive pregnancy test indicates pregnancy hormones. Similarly, a positive test for strep throat confirms the presence of the bacteria. This type of result typically implies a definitive finding related to a particular condition or a specific biological marker.
When “Abnormal” and “Positive” Diverge
While a “positive” result for a disease or condition is almost always “abnormal,” an “abnormal” result does not always mean the test is “positive” for a disease. An “abnormal” finding might not confirm a specific disease. For instance, a blood pressure reading slightly higher than the normal range is abnormal, but it does not immediately diagnose hypertension without further evaluation. Sometimes, a test can yield a “false-positive,” meaning it indicates something is present when it is not, such as a false-positive pregnancy test. This highlights that an abnormal value can be a statistical outlier or a temporary change, rather than a definitive sign of illness.
What to Do About an “Abnormal” Result
Receiving an “abnormal” test result requires a conversation with a healthcare provider. Your doctor will interpret the result within the broader context of your medical history, symptoms, lifestyle, and other test results. They may determine the result is not clinically significant or recommend further diagnostic tests to gain a clearer understanding. Avoid self-diagnosing or panicking based solely on an abnormal finding, as a healthcare professional is best equipped to explain what the result means for your individual health.