A vaginal yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, is a common fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida, a yeast naturally present in the body. While primarily known for causing vaginal discomfort, it can also influence urination patterns. This article explores how and helps distinguish these symptoms from other conditions.
Understanding Vaginal Yeast Infections
Vaginal yeast infections typically result from an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans, which normally resides in the vagina in small amounts. Various factors can disrupt the natural balance of microorganisms in the vagina, leading to this overgrowth. These factors include antibiotic use, uncontrolled diabetes, a weakened immune system, pregnancy, or increased estrogen levels from birth control.
Common symptoms primarily involve the vulva and vagina, including intense itching, a burning sensation, redness, and swelling. A thick, white vaginal discharge that often resembles cottage cheese and typically has little to no odor is also common. Pain during sexual intercourse and general soreness in the vaginal area are frequently reported.
How Yeast Infections Can Affect Urination
A yeast infection can lead to changes in urination frequency and sensation, though it typically does not directly infect the urinary tract. These urinary symptoms stem from inflammation and irritation of the vulva and vaginal tissues caused by yeast overgrowth. The inflamed area is in close proximity to the urethra, the tube through which urine exits the body.
When urine comes into contact with the irritated skin around the urethra and vulva, it can cause a burning or stinging sensation during urination, medically termed dysuria. This external irritation can also create a feeling of urgency or increased frequency of urination, even if the bladder is not full. These urinary symptoms are generally a result of external irritation rather than a direct infection of the bladder by Candida.
Distinguishing Symptoms From Other Conditions
It can be challenging to differentiate urinary symptoms caused by a yeast infection from those of other conditions, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) or some sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as symptoms can overlap. A UTI commonly causes a strong, persistent urge to urinate, painful urination, and frequent urination. UTIs often present with additional symptoms like cloudy or strong-smelling urine, pelvic pain, or fever and back pain. Unlike yeast infections, UTIs typically do not cause vaginal discharge.
Certain STIs can also mimic some symptoms of a yeast infection. For example, bacterial vaginosis (BV) can cause itching and burning during urination, but it is often accompanied by a thin, grey or white discharge with a distinct fishy odor, which is different from the odorless, thick discharge of a yeast infection. Trichomoniasis, another STI, may cause vaginal itching, burning, and soreness, along with a frothy, yellow, green, or gray discharge that often has a strong odor. Herpes can cause itching and burning, but its hallmark is the presence of painful genital sores or blisters, which are not characteristic of a yeast infection. While yeast infections are not considered STIs, their symptoms can resemble those of STIs, making accurate diagnosis important.
When to Seek Medical Attention and Treatment
For those experiencing symptoms suggestive of a yeast infection for the first time, or if there is uncertainty about the cause of the symptoms, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable. Over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal treatments, such as creams or suppositories containing miconazole or clotrimazole, are available and can be effective for mild, uncomplicated yeast infections. These treatments typically involve a course of 3 to 7 days.
Medical attention is warranted if symptoms do not improve after a few days of OTC treatment, worsen, or recur frequently (four or more times within a year). A healthcare provider can confirm the diagnosis, often by examining a sample of vaginal discharge, and rule out other conditions. Prescription antifungal medications, such as oral fluconazole, may be prescribed for more severe or recurrent cases. Complete the entire course of medication as directed to ensure the infection fully clears and prevent recurrence.