A vaginal biopsy is a standard medical procedure where a small tissue sample is collected from the wall of the vagina. This tissue is sent to a laboratory for microscopic examination to check for abnormal cells or diagnose conditions causing redness, swelling, or unexplained lesions. Understanding the steps and pain management options can help prepare for the appointment.
Understanding the Vaginal Biopsy Procedure
A vaginal biopsy is typically performed quickly in an outpatient clinic or doctor’s office. The patient lies on an examination table, positioned like a standard pelvic exam, with feet in stirrups. A speculum is inserted to open the walls, allowing the clinician a clear view of the area.
The tool used depends on the size and location of the concern. The most common method is a punch biopsy, which uses a small, circular instrument to remove a tiny core of tissue. Sometimes, a scalpel is used for a larger excision biopsy, and dissolvable stitches may be required to close the site.
Sensations During the Biopsy and Pain Management
The physical sensations vary, but most people report pressure and a brief, sharp sensation. Initial discomfort comes from the speculum insertion, causing stretching or pressure similar to a Pap smear. Local anesthesia is usually administered to the target site to minimize sensation during tissue removal.
The numbing medication, often lidocaine, is injected directly into the vaginal wall. This injection may cause a brief sting or burning sensation lasting a few seconds, often the most intense part of the procedure. Once numb, collecting the sample may feel like a quick, dull pinch or momentary cramp, but sharp pain is significantly reduced or eliminated.
Focusing on slow, deep breathing helps relax muscles and reduce cramping or pressure. Communicate openly with the provider about any discomfort, as they can adjust the procedure. Taking an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as ibuprofen, about an hour before the appointment may also be recommended to reduce inflammation and potential cramping.
Managing Discomfort and Recovery After the Biopsy
Following the procedure, mild symptoms are normal for a few days as the biopsy site heals. Patients often report mild cramping, similar to menstrual cramps, and light spotting or bleeding. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can manage this discomfort.
The clinician often applies a topical hemostatic agent, such as Monsel’s solution or silver nitrate, to stop bleeding. This solution causes a thick, dark, or gray discharge in the following days, which is a normal sign of the medication working. Use sanitary pads during this time, as tampons must be avoided to prevent irritation or infection.
To allow for proper healing, avoid strenuous exercise and heavy lifting for at least 24 to 48 hours. Sexual intercourse and the insertion of any vaginal products should be avoided for a period, typically a few days to two weeks, based on the doctor’s instructions.
When to Contact a Healthcare Provider
Contact a healthcare provider immediately if you experience signs of infection:
- Heavy vaginal bleeding.
- A fever of 100.4°F or higher.
- A foul-smelling discharge.