A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection affecting any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. While often uncomfortable, UTIs can cause pain during sexual intercourse, a symptom known as dyspareunia. This article explores the reasons for this discomfort, other symptoms, medical care, and preventative measures.
Understanding Why Intercourse Can Hurt
Sexual intercourse can be painful during a UTI due to inflammation and irritation. When bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli), enter the urinary tract, they inflame the urethra, bladder, and surrounding tissues. This inflammation makes these areas highly sensitive.
The physical pressure and friction of intercourse can worsen this irritation. Movement presses on the inflamed bladder and urethra, causing discomfort, a burning sensation, or sharp pain. This sensitivity means even light contact can trigger significant pain, making sexual activity uncomfortable.
Other Common UTI Symptoms
Beyond pain during intercourse, UTIs cause other noticeable symptoms. A persistent, strong urge to urinate is common, often accompanied by a burning sensation. Individuals may also pass frequent, small amounts of urine.
Urine can appear cloudy or have a strong, unpleasant smell. In some cases, urine may appear red, bright pink, or cola-colored, indicating blood. Women may also experience pelvic pain.
When to Seek Medical Care
If a urinary tract infection is suspected, consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment. A medical visit involves providing a urine sample, analyzed for white blood cells, red blood cells, or bacteria. A urine culture may also identify the specific bacteria and determine effective antibiotics.
Antibiotics are the usual treatment for UTIs, with symptoms often improving within days. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms subside, to ensure the infection is fully eradicated and to prevent recurrence.
Tips for Preventing UTIs
Certain practices can help reduce the risk of developing UTIs, particularly for sexually active individuals. Drinking plenty of fluids helps dilute bacteria in the urinary tract and encourages frequent urination, flushing out pathogens. Urinating immediately after intercourse also flushes out any bacteria that may have entered the urethra.
Proper hygiene, such as wiping from front to back after using the toilet, helps prevent bacteria from the anal area from entering the urethra. Avoiding irritating feminine products like douches or deodorant sprays can help maintain the natural balance of bacteria in the genital area. Opting for cotton underwear can promote airflow and reduce moisture, creating a less hospitable environment for bacterial growth.