It is common to feel concerned about pain when a skin biopsy is being considered. The procedure is generally well-tolerated, with measures in place to minimize discomfort. Patients often find the experience less bothersome than anticipated.
Understanding Pain During a Biopsy
Local anesthesia is administered to numb the biopsy site, preventing sharp pain. Often lidocaine, it’s injected with a fine needle. Patients report a brief stinging or burning sensation as it’s introduced, which quickly subsides as the area becomes numb. Pressure may also be felt, especially in taut skin areas like fingers or toes.
During a shave biopsy, where a thin layer of skin is scraped off, patients may feel pressure or a slight tugging sensation, but no pain. For punch biopsies, which remove a deeper, circular section of skin, pressure or pulling is common, as the anesthetic blocks pain but not touch. Excisional biopsies involve removing an entire lesion with a scalpel; patients might perceive movement or pressure, but the local anesthetic prevents pain. The numbness lasts for a couple of hours after the procedure.
Managing Discomfort After the Procedure
Once the local anesthetic wears off, 30 to 40 minutes after the procedure, mild soreness, tenderness, or a dull ache at the biopsy site is common. This discomfort is often described as similar to a deep scratch and improves gradually over one to two days, though it can last up to 72 hours or even a week. The duration and intensity of discomfort can vary depending on the biopsy size, depth, and location, with areas subject to pressure or frequent movement, such as the foot or shoulder, sometimes being more uncomfortable.
Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can effectively manage this post-procedure discomfort. Applying a cold compress, such as an ice pack wrapped in a thin towel, to the bandaged biopsy site for 10 to 15 minutes several times during the first 24 to 48 hours can also help reduce swelling and pain. Keeping the wound clean and moist with petroleum jelly and covered with a bandage promotes healing and minimizes discomfort. If pain worsens, or if there are signs of infection such as increased redness, swelling, warmth, or pus, contacting a doctor is advised.
Preparing for Your Biopsy and What to Expect
Preparing for a skin biopsy involves a few straightforward steps to help ensure a smooth experience. Discuss any questions or concerns with your healthcare provider beforehand. Inform them about all medications and supplements you are taking, especially blood thinners, as these might need adjustment to reduce bleeding risk. Wearing comfortable, loose-fitting clothing that allows easy access to the biopsy area on the day of the procedure can also contribute to comfort.
The procedure begins with the healthcare team cleaning and marking the biopsy site. The biopsy itself takes only a few minutes. After the sample is collected, a bandage is applied, and stitches may be used depending on the biopsy type. Your medical team will provide specific wound care instructions before you leave, emphasizing open communication if you experience any unexpected discomfort or concerns.