A pinguecula is a non-cancerous, yellowish growth that appears on the white part of the eye, known as the conjunctiva. This common condition results from long-term environmental exposure, primarily to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, wind, and dust. This article addresses whether this growth naturally disappears and explains the necessary steps for its management. Understanding the nature of a pinguecula helps determine when to seek professional care and how to protect your eyes from further irritation.
Identifying the Growth
A pinguecula typically presents as a small, raised, yellowish-white bump on the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye. This accumulation is composed of protein, fat, or calcium deposits that form within the tissue. It most often develops on the side of the eye nearest the nose, though it can also appear on the outer, or temporal, side.
It is important to distinguish a pinguecula from a similar growth called a pterygium, often nicknamed “surfer’s eye.” A pterygium is a fleshy, triangular growth that extends onto the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped surface of the eye. Unlike a pterygium, a pinguecula remains confined to the white of the eye and does not grow over the cornea, meaning it rarely affects vision.
The Direct Answer: Does a Pinguecula Resolve?
The definitive answer is that the structural growth itself is permanent and will not disappear on its own. Once the deposits of protein, fat, and calcium have formed within the conjunctival tissue, this change is considered a lasting alteration. Surgery is the only method to physically remove the growth, but this is rarely performed for an uncomplicated pinguecula.
The misconception that the growth is resolving often stems from the fluctuating nature of the symptoms it causes. A pinguecula can become inflamed, a temporary condition known as pingueculitis, causing noticeable redness, irritation, and swelling. When this inflammation subsides, the symptoms calm down, giving the appearance that the condition has lessened, but the yellowish bump remains present. This growth is benign and typically causes no problems beyond occasional irritation or cosmetic concern.
Managing Symptoms and Progression
While the pinguecula itself is lasting, the associated discomfort and risk of progression can be managed through preventative measures and simple care routines. The most effective strategy involves limiting exposure to environmental factors that worsen the condition, primarily UV light, wind, and dry air. Wearing wrap-around sunglasses that block both UVA and UVB rays is recommended whenever outdoors, even on cloudy days. A wide-brimmed hat provides additional protection, reducing the amount of UV light reaching the eye.
Over-the-counter artificial tears or lubricating eye drops are the primary non-prescription treatment for symptom relief. These drops help maintain a smooth tear film over the eye’s surface, which can be disrupted by the raised pinguecula, leading to a gritty sensation. Using these lubricants regularly alleviates dryness and irritation, especially in environments with low humidity or high wind. Avoiding known irritants such as dust, smoke, and air pollution also helps prevent the growth from becoming acutely inflamed.
When Medical Intervention is Necessary
If the pinguecula becomes severely or chronically inflamed, medical intervention beyond over-the-counter drops is required. A doctor may prescribe a short course of topical anti-inflammatory medication, such as mild steroid eye drops, to reduce redness and swelling. These prescription drops are used under medical supervision for a limited time to calm the acute flare-up, but they will not eliminate the underlying pinguecula.
Surgical removal, or excision, of a pinguecula is considered a last resort and is reserved for specific, rare circumstances. These include cases where the growth interferes with the comfortable fit of contact lenses or when chronic inflammation fails to respond to medical treatments. While some seek removal for cosmetic reasons, the procedure carries risks, including the possibility of recurrence. The decision to proceed is typically made only when the pinguecula significantly impacts the patient’s quality of life or eye function.