The Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure, commonly known as LEEP, is a medical treatment for abnormal cells found on the cervix. These cellular changes are caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). While LEEP effectively removes these abnormal cells, it does not eliminate the HPV virus itself from the body. The procedure addresses the effects of the virus, targeting precancerous conditions that could develop into cervical cancer.
Understanding LEEP
LEEP is a procedure designed to remove abnormal cells from the surface of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. These cells are often identified during a Pap test and may be further evaluated through a colposcopy and biopsy. The presence of these atypical cells, known as cervical dysplasia, is linked to high-risk strains of HPV.
During the LEEP procedure, a thin wire loop, heated by an electrical current, is used to precisely excise the identified abnormal tissue. This electrical current simultaneously cuts the tissue and seals blood vessels, which helps to minimize bleeding. The removed tissue is then sent to a laboratory for microscopic examination to confirm the presence and extent of the abnormal cells and to ensure that all affected areas have been removed. The procedure is performed in an outpatient setting, often using a local anesthetic to manage discomfort.
HPV After LEEP
After a LEEP procedure, the human papillomavirus may still be present in the body. LEEP physically removes the abnormal cells altered by the virus, but it does not eradicate the virus from surrounding healthy cells or other areas where it might reside. HPV is a common viral infection that establishes itself within the skin or mucous membranes. The immune system is the primary mechanism responsible for clearing an HPV infection over time, a process that can take months to several years.
A positive HPV test result after LEEP indicates the virus is still detectable, not necessarily that the procedure failed to remove the abnormal cells. Continued monitoring is important because persistent HPV infection is a known risk factor for future abnormal cell development.
Managing Health Post-LEEP
Following a LEEP procedure, regular follow-up care is part of managing long-term cervical health. These appointments include Pap tests and HPV tests, usually scheduled at intervals such as six months or annually. These tests allow healthcare providers to monitor for any recurrence of abnormal cell changes on the cervix and to track the status of the HPV infection. Detecting new changes early ensures prompt intervention if needed.
The HPV vaccine is recommended, even for individuals who have undergone LEEP. This vaccine protects against new infections from specific types of HPV, including those most commonly associated with cervical cancer. Vaccination can help prevent future HPV infections, reducing the risk of developing new abnormal cells. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through balanced nutrition and avoiding smoking can support the body’s immune system in its efforts to clear the virus.