A dermatologist can effectively remove cysts, which are sac-like pockets of tissue containing fluid, air, pus, or other materials. While most cysts are benign, dermatologists are the specialists who diagnose and treat these growths.
Types of Cysts Treated
Dermatologists treat several types of cysts. Epidermoid cysts, often mistakenly called sebaceous cysts, are filled with keratin and originate from a hair follicle or damaged oil gland. These are found on the face, neck, and trunk and may present as a firm, flesh-colored or yellowish bump, sometimes with a central dark spot. Pilar cysts, also known as trichilemmal cysts, develop from hair follicles and are prevalent on the scalp. They are smooth, movable, and filled with keratin.
Ganglion cysts are fluid-filled lumps that form near joints or tendons, often on the wrist or hand. While often managed by orthopedic specialists, dermatologists may treat more superficial ones, sometimes through aspiration or steroid injections. Milia are tiny, harmless white or yellowish bumps that arise when keratin becomes trapped under the skin’s surface. They frequently appear on the face, especially around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead, and are common in newborns.
Why Cysts Are Removed
Cysts are removed for various reasons. Discomfort or pain is a common reason, if a cyst is large, inflamed, or pressing on surrounding nerves or tissues. Cysts can also become infected, exhibiting signs such as redness, warmth, increased tenderness, swelling, or pus discharge, which requires prompt treatment.
Cosmetic concerns often lead to removal, if the cyst is in a visible location like the face or neck. Removal may also be recommended for diagnostic purposes, to examine the tissue to confirm it is benign and rule out more serious conditions. If a cyst recurs or becomes inflamed or infected, or if it grows, removal can prevent ongoing issues and potential complications.
The Removal Process
Cyst removal by a dermatologist begins with a thorough consultation. The dermatologist will examine the cyst, its size, location, and characteristics, and discuss the patient’s concerns and available treatment options. If the cyst is deep or its nature is uncertain, imaging tests or a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
During the procedure, the area around the cyst is numbed using a local anesthetic injection. Surgical excision is the most common removal method, where the dermatologist makes an incision around the cyst to remove the entire sac and its contents. Removing the entire cyst wall is crucial to prevent recurrence. For infected cysts, drainage may be performed, though this is a temporary measure as the cyst sac remains and can refill.
After the cyst is removed, the incision is closed with stitches, skin glue, or sterile strips. Patients receive aftercare instructions, including keeping the area clean and dry, monitoring for signs of infection such as redness, swelling, pus drainage, or fever, and managing any pain with over-the-counter medication. Activity restrictions may be advised, and a follow-up appointment is scheduled to remove stitches and assess healing progress.