Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy is a widely used treatment for sleep apnea, a condition where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. As individuals begin CPAP therapy, a common question arises regarding the role of water in their machine. Many users wonder if adding water is a necessity for the device to function effectively.
Why Water is Used in CPAP Therapy
Water is integrated into CPAP therapy primarily for humidification, adding moisture to the pressurized air delivered by the machine. This humidified air helps prevent dryness and irritation in the nasal passages, throat, and mouth, which can occur from constant airflow. A humidifier contains a water chamber, where air from the CPAP machine picks up moisture before traveling through the tubing and mask to the user.
Humidification enhances comfort and promotes adherence to therapy. Moist air can reduce issues such as nasal congestion, dry mouth, a sore throat, and nosebleeds. It also helps maintain the natural moistness of the mucous membranes lining the respiratory system, improving overall airway comfort. Without humidification, chronic dryness and irritation can lead to discomfort, potentially making it harder to continue therapy.
Choosing the Right Water and Care
For CPAP machines with humidifiers, using distilled water is recommended. The distillation process removes minerals, chemicals, and bacteria, resulting in pure water. This purity is important because tap water contains minerals that can accumulate as deposits or scale within the humidifier chamber. Such buildup can damage the machine, reduce performance, and potentially foster mold or bacteria growth, posing health risks if inhaled.
Avoid using tap water, bottled water, scented water, or essential oils in the humidifier. These can lead to mineral deposits, damage components, cause respiratory irritation, or promote bacterial and mold growth. To maintain hygiene and extend the machine’s lifespan, empty the water chamber daily and clean it thoroughly with warm, mild soapy water at least once a week. After cleaning, rinse the chamber well and allow it to air dry completely before reassembly.
Situations Without Humidification
While humidification offers comfort benefits, it is not always necessary for effective CPAP therapy. Some individuals may opt not to use the humidifier if they live in a humid climate or do not experience dryness from airflow. Modern CPAP machines often have integrated humidifiers that can be turned off, or some models may not include one at all.
Some users might choose to use their CPAP machine without the humidifier to reduce bulk and avoid carrying distilled water. If the humidifier is disengaged or water is not added, the machine will still deliver pressurized air, though it will be dry. Any decision to discontinue humidification or alter CPAP usage should involve a discussion with a healthcare provider to ensure continued comfort and effective sleep apnea management.