Centipedes are common arthropods often found in homes, raising questions about their potential harm. Many wonder if these multi-legged creatures “bite” or are dangerous. Understanding their anatomy and defense mechanisms clarifies how they interact with humans, distinguishing their biological actions from common terminology.
Understanding Centipede “Bites”
Centipedes do not possess fangs or mouthparts like spiders or snakes. Instead, they use specialized front legs, called forcipules (or toxicognaths), to deliver venom. Located just behind the head, these modified, pincer-like appendages pierce the skin to inject venom into prey or for self-defense.
Although technically a “sting” because they use modified legs rather than jaws, “centipede bite” is the widely understood term. All centipedes are venomous, but common house centipedes (Scutigera coleoptrata) are reclusive and not aggressive towards humans. They primarily use venom to subdue smaller prey. Smaller species, including many house centipedes, may also have forcipules too short or weak to penetrate human skin.
Symptoms and Severity
A centipede “bite” typically causes localized symptoms similar to a bee or wasp sting. Common symptoms include immediate sharp or burning pain, redness, and swelling at the contact site. Some individuals may also experience numbness or tingling.
Symptom severity varies by centipede size and species, as larger ones inject more venom. Most reactions are mild and localized. However, some individuals may experience lymph node swelling, headache, nausea, or anxiety. Severe systemic reactions, like difficulty breathing or widespread rash, are rare but possible in highly sensitive or allergic individuals.
First Aid and When to Seek Medical Attention
For a centipede “bite,” clean the affected area with soap and water to prevent infection. Apply a cold compress to reduce swelling and pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can manage discomfort, and antihistamines may help with itching or mild allergic reactions.
Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen, persist, or if signs of infection develop (increased redness, warmth, pus, fever). Professional help is also necessary for severe allergic reactions, including difficulty breathing, widespread rash, dizziness, or facial swelling. Medical consultation is recommended if the “bite” occurs on a very young child, an elderly person, or someone with a compromised immune system, due to increased vulnerability.
Preventing Encounters
To reduce centipede encounters in your home, seal cracks and gaps in foundations, walls, and around windows and doors. Centipedes prefer moist environments, so reduce humidity in basements, crawl spaces, and bathrooms with proper ventilation or dehumidifiers.
Removing clutter like piles of leaves, logs, or stones from around the house’s perimeter eliminates potential hiding spots. Addressing other pest infestations is also beneficial, as centipedes prey on insects, and their presence often indicates an existing food source.