A buffalo hump, also known as a dorsocervical fat pad, is a noticeable accumulation of fat at the base of the neck and upper back. This appears as a distinct lump between the shoulders. Its presence can be a cosmetic concern, affecting one’s silhouette and sometimes creating a perception of hunched posture.
Understanding a Buffalo Hump
A buffalo hump is a localized collection of fat (adipose tissue) in the cervicodorsal region. This accumulation can stem from several factors, including generalized obesity, where excess body fat is deposited in areas like the upper back. Certain medical conditions, such as Cushing’s syndrome (a disorder of excessive cortisol production), and some medications can also lead to its formation as a side effect.
The mechanism often involves fat redistribution rather than simple weight gain. For example, long-term use of corticosteroids, such as prednisone or hydrocortisone, can cause fat to shift to the face, torso, and dorsocervical region. HIV-associated lipodystrophy, a side effect of certain antiretroviral therapies, can also lead to fat accumulation here. It is important to distinguish a buffalo hump from a Dowager’s hump, which is a spinal curvature from poor posture or osteoporosis, not a fat deposit.
The Direct Link to Weight Loss
For individuals whose buffalo hump results primarily from generalized obesity, weight loss can reduce its size and appearance. As overall body fat decreases through healthy weight management, fat deposits in the upper back often diminish. This reduction occurs because losing weight reduces the amount of fat stored throughout the body. A balanced diet and regular exercise are helpful for achieving this overall fat reduction.
The extent of reduction varies significantly based on the hump’s original size, duration, and underlying cause. While overall fat loss can make a noticeable difference, “spot reducing” fat from the buffalo hump through targeted exercises alone is not possible. If the hump is stubborn, fibrous, or linked to medical conditions or medications, weight loss alone may not be sufficient for complete resolution. Many patients report that while their hump may not disappear entirely with weight loss, it can become less noticeable.
Beyond Weight: Other Causes and Treatments
Beyond generalized obesity, a buffalo hump can arise from specific medical conditions or medication side effects that may not resolve with weight loss alone. These include Cushing’s syndrome, which involves excessive cortisol production, and Madelung’s disease, a rare metabolic disorder. Certain medications, such as long-term corticosteroids and some HIV antiretroviral therapies, are also recognized causes due to their impact on fat metabolism.
Management strategies for these cases extend beyond weight loss. If medications are the cause, a healthcare provider may adjust dosages or explore alternative treatments under medical supervision. Posture correction, through exercises strengthening upper back and neck muscles, can improve appearance for some. For persistent humps, medical interventions like liposuction are an option. This surgical procedure removes excess fat using a thin tube and suction, providing a more contoured appearance, particularly for stubborn deposits.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
It is important to consult a healthcare professional if a buffalo hump appears suddenly or grows rapidly, or if it is accompanied by other symptoms. These can include unexplained weight gain or loss, persistent fatigue, muscle weakness, easy bruising, or changes in skin. Headaches, neck stiffness, or limited range of motion in the neck and shoulders also warrant medical evaluation. A doctor can accurately diagnose the underlying cause and recommend the most appropriate course of action.