Rattlesnakes are iconic venomous snakes, recognized by the distinctive warning sound from their tails. They inhabit various environments across the Americas. Their tail structure serves as a defense mechanism.
Rattle Presence and Development
Baby rattlesnakes are not born with a fully functional rattle. They are born with a small, single segment at the end of their tail, called a “button.” This button is the foundation for the future rattle but cannot produce sound.
A functional rattle develops after the snake’s first shed, typically within a week or two of birth. Each shed adds a new, interlocking segment at the base of the existing rattle, gradually building the chain-like structure. At least two segments are needed for the hollow chambers to knock together and produce sound.
Young rattlesnakes grow rapidly and shed their skin more frequently than adults, sometimes several times a year. Frequent shedding adds new rattle segments more often in early life. The number of rattle segments is not an accurate indicator of a snake’s age, as segments can break off due to wear and tear or accidents.
What the Rattle is Made Of
The rattle is composed of keratin, the same protein found in human fingernails and hair. Each segment is a hollow structure, formed from modified scales at the tip of the tail. These segments are loosely interlocked, allowing free movement.
The buzzing sound is produced when the snake rapidly vibrates its tail, causing these hollow segments to strike each other. Specialized “shaker” muscles enable the snake to vibrate its rattle at high speeds, sometimes up to 90 times per second. The hollow nature of the segments amplifies the sound, making it an effective warning. There are no loose objects, like pebbles, inside the rattle; the sound originates solely from the segments rubbing and clacking together.
Understanding Baby Rattlesnake Behavior
A common misconception suggests baby rattlesnakes are more dangerous than adults because they cannot control venom delivery. Research indicates juvenile rattlesnakes can regulate venom injection, similar to adults. While venom composition can vary by age, adult rattlesnakes typically deliver a larger volume of venom than younger counterparts.
The severity of a rattlesnake bite depends on multiple factors, including venom injected, bite location, and individual reaction. Bites from baby rattlesnakes, while potentially less severe in venom quantity, still require immediate medical attention. All rattlesnakes should be given a wide berth and treated with caution.