COVID-19 presents a wide array of symptoms affecting various bodily systems. While respiratory symptoms such as cough and fever are widely recognized, the virus can also manifest in other ways. Understanding the full spectrum of potential symptoms, including those impacting the eyes, can help individuals recognize an infection and seek appropriate guidance.
Common Eye Symptoms Associated with COVID-19
Burning eyes can be a symptom of COVID-19, though reported less frequently than other symptoms. Research from 2021 indicated that about 11% of COVID-19 patients experienced eye pain or burning. This discomfort can range from mild to bothersome, typically appearing within the first few days of infection.
Other common eye symptoms include redness, often resembling conjunctivitis or “pink eye,” affecting 3% to 10% of COVID-19 patients. Patients may also experience itching, sensitivity to light (photophobia), watery eyes, and yellow or green discharge. These eye-related issues can occur independently or alongside more typical COVID-19 symptoms like fever, cough, and fatigue.
How COVID-19 Affects the Eyes
The SARS-CoV-2 virus affects the eyes through several mechanisms. The virus gains entry into human cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. ACE2 receptors are present on various eye structures, including conjunctiva cells, the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids.
Direct infection of these eye cells can lead to inflammation, causing symptoms like conjunctivitis. The body’s immune response also contributes to eye symptoms through systemic inflammation. The proximity of the eyes to the nasal passages, where viral loads tend to be higher, may also contribute to eye symptoms.
When to Seek Medical Care for Eye Symptoms
While many COVID-19 eye symptoms are mild and resolve within a couple of weeks, certain indicators warrant medical attention. Consult a healthcare professional if you experience severe eye pain, sudden vision changes, or symptoms that worsen or persist beyond two to three days. These could signal a more serious underlying issue or complications like inflammation inside the eye or retinal damage.
Seek medical care if eye symptoms accompany severe general COVID-19 symptoms, such as high fever, difficulty breathing, confusion, dizziness, or chest pain. If you wear contact lenses and develop eye symptoms, see an eye doctor promptly, as contact lens wearers face a higher risk of severe eye infections. Getting tested for COVID-19 is also important if symptoms suggest a possible infection.