Air plants, scientifically known as Tillandsia, are epiphytes that naturally grow on objects like trees or rocks rather than in soil. They use specialized microscopic scales called trichomes on their leaves to absorb all the water and nutrients they need from the air and rain. This adaptation means their care routine is vastly different from potted plants, and their method of hydration often leads to confusion, particularly concerning the necessary drying process.
Proper Soaking and Misting Techniques
The most effective way to hydrate an air plant is through a deep soak, ensuring the trichomes fully absorb moisture. Submerge the entire plant in room-temperature water for 20 to 60 minutes. This deep watering is usually performed once a week, though the exact time depends on the variety and environment. Misting should not be the sole method of watering, as it rarely provides sufficient hydration. Instead, misting serves as a supplemental technique between soaks or increases localized humidity.
The Critical Step: Ensuring Complete Drainage
The most critical step in air plant care is the drying process immediately following soaking, which addresses the need to turn them upside down. Water can become trapped deep within the plant’s central base, known as the crown. If this pooled water is not removed quickly, it creates an anaerobic environment leading to crown rot. To prevent this, gently shake the plant to eject excess water. The plant must then be placed upside down on a dry surface, allowing gravity to pull remaining moisture away from the susceptible base.
Water Quality and Frequency Guidelines
The type of water used for soaking is important for the plant’s health. Tap water is discouraged because chlorine can damage the delicate trichomes; if used, allow it to sit out for 24 hours to dissipate the chlorine. Rainwater is the optimal choice, as it is naturally free of harsh chemicals. Filtered or bottled spring water is a safe alternative, but avoid distilled water because the lack of minerals can leach nutrients from the plant. Watering frequency is typically once per week, though dry environments may require a second soak or more frequent misting.
Beyond Watering: Light and Air Circulation Needs
Two environmental factors are necessary for air plant survival: light and air circulation. Tillandsia thrive in bright, indirect light, mimicking their natural canopy habitat. Placing them near an east- or north-facing window is ideal, as direct sunlight can scorch the leaves. Air circulation is necessary for the plants to dry quickly after soaking and prevent fungal issues. A stagnant environment inhibits the evaporation required to fully dry the crown within the safe four-hour period.