The Christmas cactus, scientifically known as Schlumbergera, is a popular houseplant originating from the tropical rainforests of Brazil. This epiphyte has unique care requirements that differ significantly from desert cacti. The blooming phase is a period of high energy expenditure, and success in maintaining the flowers requires precise adjustments to the regular care routine, particularly concerning hydration.
Watering Needs During the Blooming Period
The flowering period requires the Schlumbergera to actively consume energy and moisture to sustain its buds and open flowers, resulting in a slightly increased demand for water. The most important rule is to maintain consistent, light moisture throughout the soil medium. Allowing the soil to dry out completely is highly discouraged, as the plant will quickly begin to shed its unopened flower buds.
Bud drop is a common issue that occurs when the plant is stressed, often due to a sudden lack of water or a drastic temperature change. While the plant needs more water, its tropical nature means it is highly susceptible to overwatering. Excess moisture saturating the roots will quickly lead to root rot.
The blooming season typically runs from late November through January, requiring increased watering frequency. It is better to check the soil moisture level often rather than sticking to a rigid calendar schedule. Keeping the soil lightly moist allows the plant to fully hydrate its flowers without risking suffocation of the root system.
Proper Watering Techniques and Soil Assessment
Determining the precise moment to water a Christmas cactus relies on physically assessing the soil moisture, as environmental factors vary widely. The most reliable method is the finger test: insert a finger one to two inches deep into the potting mix. If the soil at that depth feels dry to the touch, it is time to water the plant again. Watering should then be done using the soak-and-drain technique to ensure even saturation of the root ball.
Apply water slowly and thoroughly over the entire soil surface until it drains freely out of the pot’s bottom drainage holes. This deep watering flushes out any mineral salts that may have accumulated in the soil, which can harm the roots over time. After the water has finished draining, immediately empty the plant saucer or cachepot. Allowing the plant to sit in standing water creates an anaerobic environment that leads to root rot.
Indoor conditions during the winter, such as high heat from forced-air systems, can rapidly reduce air humidity and accelerate soil drying. Increasing local humidity around the plant can help reduce the frequency of watering. Placing the pot on a pebble tray filled with water, ensuring the pot bottom does not touch the water, helps to create a more humid microclimate. Using room-temperature water is also beneficial, as cold water can cause a thermal shock to the roots.
Essential Post-Bloom Care
Once the vibrant display of flowers begins to fade, the Christmas cactus signals its transition into a short post-bloom resting period, and the watering schedule must be drastically reduced to allow the plant to recover the energy spent on flowering. For the next four to six weeks, the soil should be allowed to dry out much more significantly before re-watering; wait until the top half of the potting mix is dry.
During this rest period, remove the spent flowers through a process called deadheading. This action prevents the plant from expending energy on potential seed production. The stem segments can also be lightly pruned by twisting or clipping them off at a joint to encourage a bushier growth habit. Pruning is best performed just after the blooms have finished and before the plant enters its active growing season.
Fertilization should be completely suspended during this brief rest phase, as the plant is not actively producing new growth. As spring approaches and the plant prepares to enter its active growing cycle, a balanced, water-soluble houseplant fertilizer can be introduced. Proper post-bloom care, including the significant reduction in watering, prepares the Schlumbergera to store energy.