Insulin is a medication that helps manage diabetes by regulating blood sugar levels. Proper storage is essential to maintain its effectiveness and stability, directly impacting its ability to function as intended.
Why Proper Storage Matters
Insulin is a protein, susceptible to degradation from environmental factors. Extreme heat, freezing temperatures, and direct sunlight can alter its molecular structure, affecting its ability to lower blood sugar.
When insulin degrades, it loses potency, becoming less effective or even ineffective. This can lead to uncontrolled blood sugar levels, posing significant health risks for individuals relying on the medication. Proper storage keeps insulin stable and preserves its therapeutic action.
Storing Unopened Insulin
Unopened insulin should always be stored in a refrigerator to maintain full potency until its expiration date. The recommended temperature range is typically between 36°F and 46°F (2°C to 8°C). Store it in the main body of the refrigerator, avoiding the door where temperatures fluctuate, and away from the freezer to prevent accidental freezing.
Protecting unopened insulin from light exposure is also important; keeping it in its original packaging helps shield it. When stored correctly, it remains stable and effective until the manufacturer’s specified expiration date.
Storing Insulin in Use
Once opened or in use, insulin’s storage requirements change. Most opened products, including vials, pens, and cartridges, can typically be stored at room temperature, generally between 59°F and 86°F (15°C to 30°C). This allows for more comfortable injections, as cold insulin can be painful. The duration for which opened insulin remains stable at room temperature is usually limited, often around 28 days, though this varies by product and manufacturer.
Consult the manufacturer’s instructions for the exact temperature range and duration. Opened insulin should be protected from direct sunlight, extreme heat, and freezing temperatures. While refrigerating opened insulin is generally not necessary, it is permissible if preferred, provided it does not freeze. Marking the date of opening helps track its expiration within the “in-use” period.
Recognizing Compromised Insulin
Visual inspection helps determine if insulin has been compromised. Clear insulin should always remain clear; cloudiness, discoloration, or the presence of particles, clumps, or “frosting” indicates degradation. For cloudy insulin types, unusual sediment or changes in consistency may signal the product is no longer viable.
Changes in the insulin’s smell can also indicate spoilage. If any visual or olfactory changes are observed, the insulin should not be used, even if within its expiration or “in-use” period. Discard compromised insulin properly to ensure safety.