Dentures are prosthetic devices designed to replace missing teeth and the surrounding gum tissue, restoring function and appearance. Proper handling and storage are extremely important for maintaining the original shape and fit of these appliances. Understanding the correct care procedures ensures the longevity of the denture and the comfort of the wearer.
The Critical Need for Moisture
Dentures must be kept in a wet environment when not worn. This requirement is rooted in the material science of the denture base, which is typically constructed from acrylic resin, specifically poly(methyl methacrylate) or PMMA. This material is designed to absorb and retain moisture to maintain its shape, a process known as water sorption.
When the acrylic resin is allowed to dry out for an extended period, the moisture content begins to evaporate, leading to a phenomenon called dehydration shrinkage. This loss of water causes the material to contract and become brittle. Even a slight dimensional change can compromise the precise fit of the denture against the oral tissues.
A warped or shrunken denture can lead to an unstable fit that causes discomfort, irritation, and potential sores on the gums. Furthermore, the brittle nature of a dry denture makes it more susceptible to cracking or breaking if it is accidentally dropped. Storing the appliance in liquid acts as a hydrating agent, preserving the integrity of the base and ensuring it remains comfortable to wear.
Research confirms that deformation patterns in acrylic denture bases are significantly reduced when the appliance is kept hydrated during storage. The dimensional stability is dependent on this moisture, which mimics the environment provided by saliva when the denture is in the mouth. Therefore, prolonged exposure to dry air should be avoided to maintain the appliance’s structural integrity.
Selecting the Correct Soaking Environment
To keep your dentures moist, they should be fully submerged in a liquid-filled container whenever they are removed from the mouth for a prolonged time, such as overnight. The simplest and most accessible liquid for storage is clean, room-temperature water. Distilled water may be preferred by some as it is free of minerals and bacteria, but tap water is also commonly used.
Many people choose to use specialized denture cleaning solutions or tablets dissolved in water, which offer the added benefit of reducing bacteria and plaque buildup. These commercial products are formulated to be effective without damaging the acrylic material. When using these cleansers, it is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions regarding the soaking time.
Never use hot or boiling water, and avoid harsh household chemicals. High temperatures can cause the acrylic base to warp permanently, making the denture unusable. Household cleaners, such as bleach or chlorine-containing solutions, can corrode metal components found in partial dentures and may also cause the pink acrylic base to lighten or discolor.
A closed, dedicated container, often called a denture bath, is the ideal choice for soaking, as it protects the appliance from dust and damage. Many of these containers include a removable rinsing basket, which makes it easier to handle the dentures without touching the soaking solution directly. Placing the container in a safe location, such as a bedside table, prevents it from being knocked over.
Daily Cleaning and Rinsing Protocol
The storage process should always be preceded by a thorough mechanical cleaning to remove surface debris and plaque. Before placing the appliance in the soaking liquid, use a soft-bristled brush, or a brush designed specifically for dentures, to clean all surfaces. This process is necessary because soaking alone cannot remove all physical debris.
The mechanical cleaning should utilize a non-abrasive denture cleanser or mild hand soap, rather than regular toothpaste. Toothpastes contain abrasive particles that can scratch the surface of the acrylic, creating microscopic grooves where bacteria and fungi can accumulate. Cleaning over a soft towel or a basin filled with water is also recommended to cushion the denture against drops.
After the soaking period, and before the denture is placed back into the mouth, a complete rinse under running water is the final step. This step is particularly important if a chemical soaking solution was used. The rinsing must remove all traces of the cleaning agent.
Residual chemicals from the soaking solution can cause irritation to the sensitive oral tissues, leading to discomfort or inflammation. If inadvertently ingested, these residues can cause pain or digestive upset. Rinsing ensures that the appliance is clean, hydrated, and safe to wear.