An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small contraceptive device placed inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs are a highly effective birth control method. Many individuals wonder whether an ultrasound is routinely necessary after IUD insertion to ensure its proper placement. This article clarifies the role of ultrasound in IUD care.
Why an Ultrasound is Performed
A healthcare provider may use an ultrasound following IUD insertion. This imaging technique provides visual confirmation that the IUD is correctly positioned within the uterine cavity, which is important for its effectiveness. The ultrasound helps rule out immediate complications not detectable through a manual examination alone. It allows the provider to visually confirm placement.
When an Ultrasound is Advised
While not always routine, an ultrasound is frequently recommended in specific situations after IUD insertion. It is advised if insertion was difficult or if the patient experiences significant pain or discomfort afterward. A provider might also request an ultrasound if there is uncertainty about the IUD’s placement immediately following the procedure. If the IUD strings are not visible during a follow-up appointment or feel unusually long or short, an ultrasound can help locate the device. A follow-up ultrasound may also be suggested around four to eight weeks post-insertion, even in asymptomatic patients, as malpositioning can occur without immediate symptoms.
Understanding IUD Position and Potential Complications
An ultrasound visualizes the IUD’s location within the uterus. A correctly placed IUD sits high within the uterine fundus, the top part of the uterus, with its arms extending laterally. The imaging helps identify various potential complications.
Malposition can include the device being too low in the uterine cavity, embedded in the uterine muscle wall, or misaligned. Partial or complete expulsion, where the IUD has moved down into the cervix or out of the body, can also be detected. A serious complication is uterine perforation, where the IUD penetrates through the uterine wall. Ultrasound allows medical professionals to assess these conditions.
Monitoring After Insertion
Even if an ultrasound was not performed after insertion, patients can monitor their IUD at home. Regularly checking for the IUD strings can help ensure the device remains in place. The strings should consistently feel about two inches long and be detectable. If the strings feel shorter or longer than usual, or cannot be felt at all, contact a healthcare provider.
Certain signs and symptoms warrant immediate medical attention, as they may indicate a problem with the IUD’s position or a complication. These include severe or persistent cramping, abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, fever, or if a partner can feel the IUD during sexual activity. In such instances, a medical evaluation, potentially including an ultrasound, is necessary to assess the IUD’s status.