Breast cancer radiation therapy is a common and effective treatment. Many individuals undergoing this treatment have questions about its potential side effects, including hair loss. This article clarifies how radiation therapy for breast cancer affects hair, where and why hair loss might occur, and offers guidance on maintaining hair health.
How Radiation Affects Hair Follicles
Radiation therapy works by directing high-energy beams to a specific area of the body, targeting and damaging the DNA of cancer cells. This precise targeting aims to destroy cancerous cells while minimizing harm to surrounding healthy tissues. Hair follicle cells, like cancer cells, are rapidly dividing, making them susceptible to radiation. When these cells are within the radiation field, they can be affected.
Unlike chemotherapy, which circulates throughout the entire body and can cause systemic hair loss, radiation therapy’s effects are localized. Only hair follicles directly within the radiation path are impacted. Follicles outside the treated area remain unaffected, meaning the pattern of hair loss is different from chemotherapy.
Hair Loss in the Treated Area
Hair loss from breast cancer radiation therapy is typically confined to the treated region. This includes the breast, chest wall, or underarm area if lymph nodes are targeted. Hair in these regions, such as fine vellus hair on the breast or coarser armpit hair, may thin or fall out within the radiation field. Scalp hair is generally not affected as the head is not part of the treatment area. Hair loss can begin about two to three weeks after the first session.
The extent of hair loss varies from temporary thinning to permanent loss, depending on the total radiation dose and treatment duration. Lower doses may result in temporary thinning, with regrowth occurring within months. Higher doses can lead to permanent follicle damage, preventing regrowth.
Supporting Hair Health During and After Treatment
During and after radiation therapy, adopting gentle hair care practices can support the health of any remaining hair and the treated skin. Using mild, fragrance-free shampoos and conditioners minimizes irritation to the sensitive skin. Avoid harsh chemical treatments, such as perms, dyes, or relaxers, as these can stress delicate hair follicles and irritate the skin. Limiting heat styling tools like blow dryers, curling irons, and straighteners also prevents damage.
Protecting the treated skin and any regrowing hair from sun exposure is important, as irradiated skin is more sensitive to ultraviolet rays. Wear loose, soft clothing like cotton or silk to reduce friction and enhance comfort. While specific dietary interventions for hair regrowth are not established, a balanced and nutritious diet supports overall body health. Hair regrowth, if it occurs, is a gradual process taking several months. Hair usually grows back a few months after treatment, though it may be thinner or have a different texture.