Succulents are unique plants that require watering, but their needs differ significantly from other houseplants. They are known for their drought-tolerant nature, which means they do not need frequent watering. However, providing water in the correct manner and at appropriate times is important for their health.
Understanding Succulent Water Needs
Succulents possess specialized adaptations that allow them to thrive in arid environments. They store water in their fleshy leaves, stems, or roots, acting as natural reservoirs. This ability helps them survive extended periods without rainfall. Their natural habitats often experience infrequent but heavy downpours, followed by long dry spells. This means succulents are highly efficient at water absorption and storage. While these adaptations enable drought survival, they also make succulents vulnerable to overwatering, as prolonged exposure to moisture can damage their water-filled tissues.
When and How to Water Succulents
The most effective method for watering succulents is the “soak and dry” approach. Water thoroughly until it drains from the pot’s bottom, then allow the soil to dry completely before the next watering. This mimics their natural environment, encouraging a robust root system. Ensure the soil is entirely dry from top to bottom before rewatering, which can be checked by inserting a finger into the soil or using a wooden skewer.
Succulents communicate their thirst through visual cues. When they need water, their leaves may appear slightly wrinkled, shriveled, or feel softer than usual. Some might show a loss of plumpness. It is important to water based on the soil’s dryness and these plant signals rather than adhering to a strict schedule, as environmental conditions can greatly influence water needs. Good drainage is also crucial; pots must have drainage holes to prevent water accumulation, which can lead to root issues.
Identifying Watering Issues
Observing a succulent’s leaves can help diagnose watering problems. Overwatering typically causes leaves to become soft, mushy, or translucent. They might also turn yellow or black, starting from the bottom of the plant. In severe cases, stems can become black and mushy, indicating rot. Overwatered leaves may also drop easily with a slight touch.
Conversely, an underwatered succulent often displays shriveled or wrinkled leaves. These leaves might feel soft but not mushy, and they can develop crispy edges or turn brown. The plant may also exhibit stunted growth. While some lower leaf drying is normal, an increase in shriveling across the plant suggests dehydration.
Key Factors Influencing Watering
Several external factors influence how often a succulent needs water.
Seasonal Changes
Seasonal changes play a significant role, with succulents generally requiring more water during their active growing seasons in spring and summer. During their dormant periods in fall and winter, watering frequency should be greatly reduced, sometimes to once a month or less.
Environmental Conditions
Light exposure is another important factor; succulents receiving more light, especially full sun, tend to dry out faster and need more frequent watering. Higher temperatures and lower humidity also increase evaporation from the soil and transpiration from the plant, necessitating more frequent hydration.
Pot and Soil Type
The type and size of the pot impact water retention; porous materials like terracotta allow water to evaporate more quickly than plastic or glazed pots, and smaller pots dry faster than larger ones. Finally, the soil type is foundational; a fast-draining succulent mix is important to prevent waterlogging, which is different from standard potting soil that retains more moisture.