COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a respiratory illness with symptoms affecting the lungs and airways. The infection can range from mild discomfort to severe conditions requiring medical intervention. Understanding these symptoms, including mucus production, helps individuals recognize the illness.
Is Phlegm a Symptom of COVID-19?
Phlegm, or mucus produced in the respiratory tract, can be a symptom of COVID-19, though a dry cough is more commonly associated with initial stages. While many people experience a cough without mucus, a wet or productive cough that brings up phlegm can occur in up to one-quarter of individuals with COVID-19. This mucus production is the body’s way of attempting to clear the infection from the lungs and airways.
A productive cough is sometimes referred to as a wet, chesty, or mucus cough. This type of cough may become more prevalent in later stages of the illness, especially if complications such as pneumonia develop. Studies, including the Zoe Covid Study App, indicate that coughing with sputum or phlegm is a reported sign in a notable percentage of current COVID-19 cases. For example, one study focusing on the Omicron variant, 35% of non-hospitalized individuals reported having a productive cough.
Understanding COVID-19 Respiratory Symptoms
When the SARS-CoV-2 virus infects cells lining the airways, it can cause inflammation and increased phlegm production. This mucus accumulates, leading to a cough as the body attempts to expel it. The color and consistency of phlegm can vary, often starting as clear before turning yellow or greenish, which can indicate a viral or bacterial infection.
In severe cases of COVID-19, sputum can become thick and gummy, making it difficult to cough up and hindering oxygen exchange in the lungs. Besides phlegm and cough, other respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 include shortness of breath, chest congestion, and chest tightness. These symptoms can also mimic other respiratory conditions like bronchitis.
When to Seek Medical Care
It is important to seek medical attention if COVID-19 symptoms worsen or become severe. Watch for emergency warning signs that indicate a need for immediate care. These signs include trouble breathing, persistent chest pain or pressure, new confusion, or an inability to wake or stay awake. Skin, lips, or nail beds may also appear pale, gray, or bluish, depending on skin tone.
If these severe symptoms appear, call emergency services or go to the nearest emergency facility immediately. Individuals who are older or have underlying health conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, or a weakened immune system, are at higher risk for severe illness. They should monitor symptoms closely and contact a healthcare provider promptly if their condition deteriorates.
Managing Symptoms at Home
For mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms, self-care strategies can help manage discomfort at home. Rest is important, as it provides the body with energy to fight the virus. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids helps prevent dehydration, especially with fever, and loosens mucus.
Over-the-counter medications can help alleviate symptoms. Acetaminophen reduces fever and body aches, while cough medications can suppress a dry cough or act as an expectorant for wet coughs to clear mucus. Humidifiers or steam inhalation help loosen thick mucus and ease congestion. To prevent further spread, individuals with COVID-19 symptoms should isolate themselves from others in the household, ideally using a separate bedroom and bathroom.