Eyelashes are specialized hairs that grow along the edges of the eyelids, serving a protective function for the eyes. They act as a barrier, shielding the delicate ocular surface from dust, debris, and other airborne particles. Eyelashes also help regulate moisture around the eyes and are highly sensitive to touch, triggering a blink reflex to prevent potential harm. Like other body hairs, eyelashes undergo a continuous cycle of growth, shedding, and regrowth.
The Eyelash Growth Cycle
Eyelash growth occurs in a natural, cyclical process involving three distinct phases: Anagen, Catagen, and Telogen. The entire eyelash cycle can last between five and eleven months.
The Anagen phase is the active growth period, during which eyelashes actively grow from the follicle. This phase typically lasts 30 to 45 days. Approximately 40% of upper eyelashes are in this growth phase at any given time. During this stage, cells rapidly divide to form new hair.
Following active growth, the Catagen phase is a transitional stage where growth halts. This phase lasts two to three weeks. In this period, the hair follicle shrinks and detaches from its blood supply, and the lash reaches its maximum length. If an eyelash falls out during this phase, it will not begin growing back until the cycle progresses.
The final stage is the Telogen phase, a resting and shedding period. This phase lasts three to four months. During this phase, the old eyelash rests in the follicle while a new hair grows underneath it, eventually pushing the old lash out. Losing a few eyelashes daily is a normal part of this cycle.
Why Eyelashes Fall Out
Eyelashes naturally shed as part of their growth cycle, with a loss of one to five lashes per day being normal. However, excessive or sudden eyelash loss can stem from various factors beyond this natural process. Improper makeup removal is a common cause, as harsh rubbing or tugging can weaken lash follicles and lead to breakage. Leaving eye makeup on for extended periods can also dry out lashes and contribute to shedding.
Certain medical conditions can affect eyelash retention. These include blepharitis, an inflammation of the eyelid that can result in lash loss. Systemic health issues like thyroid disorders can lead to hair loss, including eyelashes. Autoimmune diseases such as alopecia areata, where the body attacks its own hair follicles, can also cause partial or complete lash loss.
Other factors contributing to eyelash loss include chronic stress, which can impact hair follicles. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly a lack of protein, vitamins, and minerals, can weaken hair structure. Less common causes may involve infections or certain medications.
Supporting Healthy Eyelash Growth
Promoting healthy eyelash growth involves a combination of gentle care practices and adequate nutrition. One of the most direct ways to support lash health is through careful makeup removal. Using a gentle makeup remover can help dissolve products without harsh scrubbing or tugging. It is also important to avoid leaving eye makeup on overnight, as this can dry out lashes and increase breakage.
Maintaining proper hygiene around the eyes is beneficial. Gently washing the area helps keep follicles clean and free from buildup. Avoiding excessive rubbing of the eyes can prevent mechanical damage and premature lash loss. Being mindful of eye makeup products helps prevent potential infections that could lead to lash damage.
A balanced diet rich in specific nutrients provides the building blocks for strong, healthy lashes. Protein is essential, as eyelashes are primarily composed of keratin. Vitamins such as biotin (Vitamin H), Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Vitamin E, along with minerals like iron and zinc, all play a role in hair health and growth. Incorporating nutrient-rich foods can support lash vitality.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While some eyelash shedding is normal, certain signs indicate that medical advice may be necessary. It is advisable to consult a physician if you experience sudden or significant eyelash loss, especially if it occurs rapidly or in noticeable patches along the lash line. If the loss affects both eyelids, or if you are also experiencing hair loss from your eyebrows or scalp, these could be indicators of an underlying systemic issue.
Additional symptoms that warrant medical attention include irritation, redness, itching, or swelling around the eyelids accompanying the lash loss. Any non-healing sores, crusting, or discolored growths on the eyelids should also prompt a visit to a healthcare professional. Consulting a doctor is important to determine the cause of persistent or concerning eyelash loss, as early diagnosis can lead to effective management of any underlying conditions.