Swollen glands can be a symptom of COVID-19. These “glands,” or lymph nodes, are part of the body’s immune system. Their swelling indicates an active immune response, occurring when the body fights infections like SARS-CoV-2 or reacts to vaccinations. This article explores the connection between swollen lymph nodes and COVID-19, other common causes, and when to seek medical advice.
Understanding Swollen Glands
Swollen glands are a sign that the body’s immune system is combating an infection or inflammation. These lumps are lymph nodes, small, bean-shaped structures found throughout the body. They function as filters, trapping viruses, bacteria, and other harmful substances before they can spread to other parts of the body.
Lymph nodes contain immune cells, like lymphocytes, that identify and destroy foreign invaders. When infection or inflammation occurs, these immune cells multiply rapidly, causing lymph nodes to enlarge and sometimes become tender or painful. Common locations where swollen lymph nodes might be felt include the neck, under the chin, in the armpits, and around the groin.
Swollen Glands and COVID-19
Swollen lymph nodes are a recognized symptom of COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This swelling is a natural immune response as the body produces white blood cells to fight infection. While not universally experienced, swollen glands are more commonly observed in the neck region in individuals with COVID-19, particularly those experiencing upper respiratory symptoms like a sore throat.
Lymph node swelling can also occur as a side effect of COVID-19 vaccination. This is a normal sign that the vaccine is stimulating an immune response to build protection against the virus. Swelling from vaccination appears in the armpit on the same side where the injection was given and can last for several days to a few weeks. The swelling resolves on its own, whether due to infection or vaccine, as the immune system’s activity subsides.
Other Common Causes of Swollen Glands
Swollen lymph nodes indicate immune system activity and are not exclusive to COVID-19. Numerous other conditions can cause them to enlarge. Common viral infections, such as the common cold, influenza, and mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus), frequently lead to swollen glands, particularly in the neck. These infections prompt the lymph nodes to activate and filter pathogens.
Bacterial infections, including strep throat, skin infections, or dental infections, are frequent culprits. In such cases, the lymph nodes closest to the infection site are the ones that swell. For instance, an ear infection might cause swelling behind the ear or in the neck. The body’s response to these various invaders highlights the lymph nodes’ continuous role in immune surveillance.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While swollen lymph nodes are often a sign of a common infection and resolve on their own, certain characteristics warrant medical evaluation. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional if swollen glands have no apparent cause, continue to enlarge, or persist for more than two to four weeks. Glands that feel hard, rubbery, or do not move freely when touched should also be assessed.
Seek medical attention if swollen lymph nodes are accompanied by other concerning symptoms, such as unexplained weight loss, persistent fever, night sweats, or a cough that does not improve. If there is swelling in the armpit without a clear reason or if the glands are very painful or rapidly growing, professional advice is important. These signs could indicate a more serious underlying condition that requires diagnosis and treatment.