Wisdom tooth removal is a common dental procedure performed to address issues like impaction, crowding, or pain. Patients often wonder about the use of stitches. Not every extraction requires them, but they are important for proper healing, especially in complex cases.
When Stitches Are Used
The use of stitches after wisdom tooth removal depends on the extraction’s complexity. For simple extractions where the tooth is fully erupted and accessible, stitches may not be necessary. The gum tissue can naturally close and heal without intervention.
More involved procedures, such as removing an impacted wisdom tooth beneath the gum line or partially erupted, often require a gum incision. Stitches are then used to bring the gum edges together. This stabilizes the wound, controls bleeding, and protects the underlying bone and blood clot. The size and depth of the extraction site also influence the need for stitches, as larger wounds benefit from closure to promote healing and reduce complications.
The Role of Stitches in Healing
Stitches aid the healing process after wisdom tooth removal. By closing the surgical site, they provide a physical barrier, protecting the extraction site from food particles, debris, and bacteria that could cause infection. Stitches also help secure the blood clot in the empty socket, which is crucial for preventing dry socket.
Oral surgery uses two types of stitches: dissolvable (absorbable) and non-dissolvable (non-absorbable). Dissolvable stitches, often made from materials like polyglycolic acid, break down naturally as the wound heals, typically over one to four weeks, eliminating the need for removal. Non-dissolvable stitches, such as nylon or silk, do not dissolve and require a follow-up appointment for removal, usually within 7 to 10 days after the procedure.
Caring for the Extraction Site with Stitches
Care for the extraction site, especially with stitches, is important for a smooth recovery and to reduce complications. For the first 24 hours after surgery, avoid rinsing the mouth to allow a stable blood clot to form. After this time, gentle rinsing with warm salt water can help keep the area clean and reduce swelling. Instead of vigorous swishing, let the water flow over the surgical site and then gently tilt your head to drain it.
Carefully maintain oral hygiene around the stitches to avoid dislodging them. Brush teeth gently, avoiding direct contact with the extraction site for several days as recommended by your oral surgeon. Eat soft foods that do not require much chewing or get stuck in the wound. Avoid foods with small seeds, nuts, or crunchy textures. Actions that create suction in the mouth, such as using a straw, spitting forcefully, or smoking, should be strictly avoided as they can dislodge the blood clot or stitches.
Monitoring Your Recovery and When to Seek Advice
After wisdom tooth removal with stitches, pain, swelling, and discomfort are normal and should gradually improve over the first few days. If dissolvable stitches were used, you might notice them loosening or disappearing over one to four weeks as they naturally break down. For non-dissolvable stitches, your oral surgeon will provide a specific date for their removal.
Monitor your recovery for signs that might indicate a need for professional dental advice. While some initial bleeding is expected, persistent or excessive bleeding beyond 24 hours requires attention. Signs of a potential issue include worsening pain not managed by prescribed medication, increasing swelling that spreads, or the presence of pus or a foul odor from the extraction site. A persistent bad taste, fever, or difficulty opening your mouth also indicate you should contact your dentist or oral surgeon for further evaluation.