A sinus infection, also known as sinusitis, involves inflammation and swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses. Sinuses are air-filled cavities located within the bones of the face, specifically behind the forehead, cheeks, and eyes. When these normally air-filled spaces become blocked and filled with fluid, it creates an environment where germs can grow, potentially leading to an infection.
Common Sinus Infection Symptoms
Individuals experiencing a sinus infection typically encounter a range of symptoms. Facial pain or pressure, often felt around the eyes, cheeks, or forehead, is a common indicator, which may worsen when bending over. Nasal congestion and a runny nose are also frequently present, sometimes accompanied by thick, discolored mucus that can be yellow or green.
Other symptoms include post-nasal drip, where mucus drains down the back of the throat, leading to a sore throat or cough. Headaches, a reduced sense of smell or taste, and bad breath can also occur, along with a general feeling of tiredness. While a high temperature can be part of the symptom profile, it is not universally present.
The Presence of Fever in Sinus Infections
A fever is not always present with a sinus infection. While the body’s immune response can elevate temperature, many individuals experience sinusitis without fever. Fever is more common in acute cases, especially during initial stages or with more significant infections. A low-grade fever might occur as the body fights the infection.
The absence of fever does not rule out a sinus infection. The body’s fever response helps hinder pathogen reproduction, but its presence and intensity vary based on individual immune systems and infection severity. A temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or higher is considered a fever.
Understanding Fever and Sinus Infection Types
The presence or absence of fever can be linked to the specific type of sinus infection. Fever is common with acute bacterial sinus infections. In these cases, fever indicates the body’s robust immune response as it actively works to combat bacterial invaders. Such infections may also present with severe symptoms, including a fever greater than 102 degrees Fahrenheit (39 degrees Celsius).
Conversely, viral sinus infections, often caused by common cold viruses, might result in only a low-grade fever or no fever at all. Viral infections begin to improve within 7 to 10 days, with any fever resolving within the first few days. Chronic sinus infections, defined by symptoms lasting 12 weeks or longer, typically do not present with a fever unless there is an acute flare-up or a new, superimposed infection.
When to Seek Medical Care
Consult a healthcare professional if sinus infection symptoms are severe, such as intense headache or facial pain. Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen after initial improvement, or persist for more than 10 to 14 days. A fever lasting longer than three to four days also warrants care.
Prompt medical evaluation is needed for:
Recurrent sinus infections
Swelling or redness around the eyes
Severe headache not relieved by over-the-counter medication
Vision changes
Confusion
These signs may suggest the infection is spreading or causing more serious complications.