A yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, occurs due to an overgrowth of Candida, a type of fungus naturally present in the body. While Candida normally lives without issues, certain conditions can lead to its rapid multiplication, causing an infection.
Understanding Yeast Infections
Yeast infections arise when the natural balance of microorganisms is disrupted, allowing Candida albicans to proliferate. This imbalance leads to uncomfortable symptoms like itching and burning in or around the affected area, often with redness and swelling. Vaginal yeast infections may also present with a thick, white, odorless discharge resembling cottage cheese, or sometimes a watery discharge. Pain during urination or sexual activity can also occur.
Likelihood of Self-Resolution
Symptomatic yeast infections generally do not resolve on their own without intervention. While some very mild, asymptomatic cases might clear spontaneously, this is not typical for infections causing noticeable discomfort. The fungal overgrowth usually requires specific treatment to restore the body’s natural microbial balance. Delaying treatment often results in symptoms worsening and the infection becoming more difficult to manage or leading to recurrence.
When to Seek Professional Care
Seeking professional medical care is advisable, particularly if this is the first time experiencing yeast infection symptoms. A healthcare provider can confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions with similar symptoms, such as bacterial vaginosis or sexually transmitted infections, which require different treatments. Consult a doctor if symptoms are severe, including extensive redness, swelling, intense itching, or lead to tears, cracks, or sores. Medical attention is also recommended if over-the-counter treatments do not improve, symptoms return shortly after treatment, or diagnosis is uncertain.
Individuals who experience four or more yeast infections within a year, are pregnant, have uncontrolled diabetes, or a weakened immune system due to medication or other health conditions should also seek professional guidance. These situations may indicate a more complicated infection or an underlying health issue.
Common Triggers and Prevention
Several factors can disrupt the body’s natural balance and contribute to yeast infections. Antibiotics are a common trigger, as they can kill beneficial bacteria that keep Candida growth in check. Hormonal changes (e.g., during pregnancy, birth control use, or menstrual cycle) can also increase susceptibility. Uncontrolled diabetes, with its higher sugar levels, creates an environment conducive to yeast growth.
Practices promoting warmth and moisture, like wearing tight-fitting or non-breathable clothing, or staying in wet swimsuits, can contribute to yeast overgrowth. Scented products (douches, vaginal sprays, perfumed soaps) can irritate tissues and disrupt the vaginal microbiome. To help prevent yeast infections, wear cotton underwear and loose-fitting, breathable clothing. Maintaining good hygiene, avoiding irritants, and promptly changing out of wet clothes also reduces risk. For individuals with diabetes, effective blood sugar management can help prevent recurrent infections. Consuming yogurt with live cultures or probiotic supplements may help restore healthy bacterial balance.