Women do not have the same prostate gland found in men. However, female anatomy includes structures considered analogous or homologous to the male prostate.
Understanding the Male Prostate
The prostate gland in men is a walnut-shaped organ situated directly below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It produces a fluid that contributes to semen, containing enzymes, zinc, and citric acid, which support sperm health and motility. The prostate also plays a role in regulating urine flow, as the urethra passes directly through it.
The prostate can be a site for various health conditions in men. Common issues include inflammation, known as prostatitis. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) involves a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate, primarily affecting men over 50 and potentially leading to urinary difficulties due to compression of the urethra. Prostate cancer is also a prevalent concern, ranking as the second most common cancer among males.
Female Urethral Glands
Women possess structures known as paraurethral glands, often referred to as Skene’s glands. These glands are located on either side of the urethra, near its lower end. Skene’s glands are considered homologous to the male prostate, meaning they develop from the same embryonic tissue. This shared developmental origin is a key reason why some refer to them as the “female prostate.”
The historical recognition of these glands dates back centuries, with early descriptions by anatomists. Alexander Skene later brought significant attention to them, leading to their common namesake. Their informal designation as the “female prostate” also stems from functional similarities, such as the ability to secrete fluid into the urethra and the presence of proteins like prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PSAP), which are also found in male prostatic fluid.
Clinical Relevance of Female Urethral Glands
Skene’s glands contribute to both urinary and sexual health in women. They produce a fluid that helps lubricate the urethral opening. This fluid may also contain antimicrobial properties, which could help protect against urinary tract infections (UTIs). Researchers also believe these glands may be involved in female ejaculation, as the fluid released during orgasm can contain similar proteins to those found in male semen.
Skene’s glands can be affected by various conditions. The most common issue is skenitis, an inflammation or infection. Symptoms often include swelling, soreness, painful urination, and discomfort during sexual activity. Cysts can also form if the ducts of the glands become obstructed, though these are typically small and often asymptomatic. Adenocarcinomas, a type of cancer, can develop in Skene’s glands. Awareness of these potential conditions is important for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.