Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, represent the final set of molars to emerge in the mouth. These teeth are positioned at the very back of the upper and lower jaws. They develop after other permanent teeth.
The Truth About Wisdom Teeth Growth
Wisdom teeth do not grow continuously throughout life, unlike some animal teeth. They begin forming in the jawbone during early childhood. Eruption through the gum line occurs later, often between ages 17 and 25. This period is commonly referred to as young adulthood, hence the term “wisdom teeth.”
Once fully erupted, or if their growth is hindered, these teeth cease growing. Insufficient jaw space for full emergence often leads to impaction. Impaction means the tooth is trapped, partially or completely, in the jawbone or under gum tissue. This can occur if the tooth grows at an unusual angle (e.g., horizontally) or if the jaw cannot accommodate them.
Common Problems Associated with Wisdom Teeth
The unique developmental pattern and late eruption of wisdom teeth often lead to various complications. One frequent issue is pericoronitis, an infection that develops in the gum tissue surrounding a partially erupted wisdom tooth. Food particles and bacteria can easily become trapped under the gum flap, leading to inflammation, pain, and sometimes pus formation. This condition can cause discomfort and swelling in the jaw and face.
Impacted wisdom teeth can exert pressure on the adjacent second molars, potentially causing damage. This pressure can contribute to tooth crowding in the front of the mouth or even lead to root resorption, where the root structure of the neighboring tooth is gradually dissolved. Such damage can compromise the stability and health of the second molar.
The difficult position of wisdom teeth, especially when partially erupted or misaligned, makes them challenging to clean effectively. This increased difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene raises the risk of tooth decay on the wisdom tooth itself and sometimes on the adjacent molar. Cysts, fluid-filled sacs, can also form around an impacted wisdom tooth. These cysts can expand, potentially damaging the surrounding bone, teeth, and nerves if left untreated.
Managing Wisdom Teeth Issues
Addressing problems related to wisdom teeth involves a professional dental assessment to determine the best course of action. For asymptomatic wisdom teeth with no pathology, a dentist may recommend continued monitoring through regular check-ups and X-rays. This approach allows for observation of any changes or emerging issues over time.
When wisdom teeth are causing pain, recurring infections, damage to adjacent teeth, or other complications, extraction is often recommended. This procedure alleviates current symptoms and prevents future problems associated with impaction or misalignment. Consulting with a dental professional, such as an oral surgeon, provides personalized advice based on the condition of their wisdom teeth and overall oral health.